Pejoration and Naming of Politicians in Readers’ Comments
Keywords:
pejoration, evaluation, points of attack, German corpora, Croatian corpora
Abstract
Readers’ comments on political events often include a negative evaluation of the speaker and frequent pejorative expressions (cf. Finkbeiner et al. 2016, Perić and Miletić 2019). This type of verbal violence always targets some characteristics of the addressee as described by Havryliv (2009: 35–40): character traits and manner of behavior of the addressee, appearance, physical injuries, age of the addressee, universal swear words with abstract meaning, regional and national insults, and business insults. Politicians are often given creative nicknames or descriptive names through such an evaluation of the speaker, where some of these points are thematized. This paper will investigate the way politicians are named as a form of verbal violence in readers’ comments on political elections. The aim of this research is to determine the way politicians are named and the creation of their nicknames in Croatian and German, and to determine which characteristics of the addressee are most often attacked by such a way of naming.
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References
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Domagoj GREČL, 2018: Djevičanska proročica – Agamemnonova priležnica. Latina et Graeca 34/2, 7–22.
Oksana HAVRYLIV, 2009: Verbale Aggression. Formen und Funktionen am Beispiel des Wienerischen. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
Elke HENTSCHEL, Petra M. VOGEL, 2009: Deutsche Morphologie. Berlin, New York: De Gruyter.
Lana HUDEČEK, Milica MIHALJEVIĆ, 2017: Hrvatska školska gramatika. Zagreb: Institut za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje.
Kristian LEWIS, Barbara ŠTEBIH GOLUB, 2014: Tvorba riječi i reklamni diskurs. Rasprave 40/1, 133–147.
Michael LOHDE, 2006: Wortbildung des modernen Deutschen: ein Lehr- und Übungsbuch. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag.
Ivan MARKOVIĆ, 2011: Hrvatske stopljenice: Novìna u slengu, jeziku reklame i novina. Diskurs i dijalog: Teorije, metode i primjene. Ur. Vladimir Karabalić, Melita Aleksa Varga, Leonard Pon. Osijek: Hrvatsko društvo za primijenjenu lingvistiku (HDPL); Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku. 223–238.
Ivan MARKOVIĆ, 2009: Tri nehrvatske tvorbe: infiksacija, reduplikacija, fuzija. Rasprave 35, 217–241.
Ivan MARKOVIĆ, Ivana KLINDIĆ, Iva BORKOVIĆ, 2016: Hrvatski rječnik stopljenica. Zagreb: stilistika.org, Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu.
Jörg MEIBAUER, 2014: Bald-faced lies as acts of verbal aggression. Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict 2/1, 127–150.
Ana MIKIĆ ČOLIĆ, 2015: Word formation of blends. Mostariensia 19/2, 21–36.
Marija PERIĆ, Nikolina MILETIĆ, 2019: Pejorativa in deutschen und kroatischen Leserkommentaren auf Terroranschläge im Internet. Jezikoslovni zapiski 25/1, 127–141.
Marija PERIĆ, 2021: Deminutivi i augmentativi kao evaluativna sredstva u njemačkom i hrvatskom jeziku (na primjeru mrežnih komentara izborne kampanje). Doktorska disertacija. Zadar: Sveučilište u Zadru.
Tat’jana Vital’evna POPOVA, 2007: Grafičeskie okkazionalizmy russkogo jazyka konca XX – načala XXI vv. Russkoe slovo, vyskazyvanie, tekst. Moskva: Moskovskij gosudarstvennyj oblastnoj universitet. 291–295.
Tat’jana Vital’evna POPOVA, 2008a: Vidy grafoderivacii v sovremennom russkom jazyke. Russkij jazyk: čelovek, kul’tura, kommunikacija. Ekaterinburg: Ural’skij gosudarstvennyj tehničeskij universitet. 182–191.
Tat’jana Vital’evna POPOVA, 2008b: Grafoderivat: slovo ili tekst? Russkij jazyk: čelovek, kul’tura, kommunikacija. Ekaterinburg: Ural’skij gosudarstvennyj tehničeskij universitet. 191–198.
Maria SCHILLER, 2007: Pragmatik der Diminutiva, Kosenamen und Kosewörter in der modernen russischen Umgangsliteratursprache. München: Herbert Utz Verlag.
Klaus P. SCHILLER, 2003: Diminutives in English. Berlin, Boston: de Gruyter.
Aneta STOJIĆ, Anita PAVIĆ PINTARIĆ, 2014: Pejorative Nouns in Speech Act of Insulting as Expression of Verbal Aggression. Croatian Journal of Philosophy XIV/42, 343–356.
Irena STRAMLJIČ BREZNIK, 2010: Besedotvorne lastnosti slovenskih okazionalizmov. Novye javlenija v slavjanskom slovoobrazovanii: sistema i funkcionirovanie. Trudy i materialy. Slavjanskie jazyki i kul’tury v sovremennom mire. Ur. Elena Vasil’evna Petruhina. Moskva: Moskovskij gosudarstvennyj universitet imeni M. V. Lomonosova, Filologičeskij fakultet. 352–363.
Georg THOMPSON, Susan HUNSTON, 2003: Evaluation: an introduction. Evaluation in Text. Authorial Stance and the Construction of Discourse. Ur. Susan Huston, Geoff Thompson. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1–27.
Barbara VODANOVIĆ, 2017: Osobni nadimak, figura za društveno uvjetovani kontekst (na primjeru nadimaka s otoka Pašmana). Folia Onomastica Croatica 26, 139–155.
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URL2 = https://hjp.znanje.hr/index.php?show=search_by_id&id=d15iXhA%3D&-keyword=skorojevi%C4%87 (pristup 31.10.2022.)
URL3 = https://hjp.znanje.hr/index.php?show=search_by_id&id=eFhmWRI%3D&-keyword=orangutan (pristup 31.10.2022.)
URL4 = https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bangster (pristup 31.10.2022.)
URL5 = https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Schnatterin (pristup 2.11.2022.)
URL6 = https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/bescheuert (pristup 2.11.2022.)
URL7 = http://osobno-ime.hr/#hasan (pristup 2.2.2024.)
URL8 = https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/kultur-vergnuegen/tv-medien/frech-aber-liebpittiplatsch-nervte-nicht-nur-schnatterinchen-li.235834 (pristup 2.2.2024.)
URL9 = https://www.dwds.de/wb/Schlumpf (pristup 2.2.2024.)
URL10 = https://www.dwds.de/wb/Pipi (pristup 2.2.2024.)
URL11 = https://www.dwds.de/wb/Pipim%C3%A4dchen (pristup 2.2.2024.)
Laura ALBA-JUEZ, Geoff THOMPSON, 2014: The many faces and phases of evaluation. Evaluation in Context. Ur. Geoff Thompson, Laura Alba-Juez. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. 3–23.
Keith ALLAN, Kate BURRIDGE, 2006: Forbidden Words. Taboo and the Censoring of Language. Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao Paulo: Cambridge University Press.
Stjepan BABIĆ, 2002: Tvorba riječi u hrvatskome književnome jeziku. Zagreb: HAZU, Nakladni zavod Globus.
Eugenija BARIĆ, Mijo LONČARIĆ, Dragica MALIĆ, Slavko PAVEŠIĆ, Mirko PETI, Vesna ZEČEVIĆ, Marija ZNIKA, 1997: Hrvatska gramatika. Zagreb: Školska knjiga.
Peter BAKEMA, Dirk GEERAERTS, 2004: Diminuition and augmentation. Morphologie. Ein internationales Handbuch zur Flexion und Wortbildung. Band 2. Ur. Geert Booij, Christian Lehmann, Joachim Mugdan, Stavros Skopeteas. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter. 1045–1052.
Monika BEDNAREK, 2006: Evaluation in Media Discourse: Analysis of a Newspaper Corpus. New York, London: Continuum.
Ante BIČANIĆ, Anđela FRANČIĆ, Lana HUDEČEK, Milica MIHALJEVIĆ, 2013: Pregled povijesti, gramatik i pravopisa hrvatskoga jezika. Zagreb: Croatica.
Ada BÖHMEROVÁ, 2011: Suffixal Diminutives and Augmentatives in Slovak. A Systemic View with Some Cross-Linguistic Considerations. Lexis. Journal in English Lexicology. 6 Diminutives and Augmentatives in the Languages of the World, 1–29.
Silvia BONACCHI, 2012: Zu den idiokulturellen und polykulturellen Bedingungen von aggressiven Äußerungen im Vergleich Polnisch-Deutsch-Italienisch. Der Mensch und seine Sprachen. Ur. Magdalena Olpińska-Szkiełko, Sambor Grucza, Zofia Berdychowska, Jerzy Zmudzki. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang Verlag. 1–20.
Rita BRDAR-SZABO, Mario BRDAR, 2008: On the marginality of lexical blending. Jezikoslovlje 9/1–2, 171–194.
Rita FINKBEINER, Jörg MEIBAUER, Heike WIESE, 2016: What is pejoration, and how can it be expressed in language? Pejoration. Ur. Rita Finkbeiner, Jörg Meibauer, Heike Wiese. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 1–18.
Wolfgang FLEISCHER, 1983: Wortbildung der deutschen Gegenwartssprache. Leipzig: VEB Bibliographischer Institut Leipzig.
Wolfgang FLEISCHER, Irmhild BARZ, 2007: Wortbildung der deutschen Gegenwartssprache. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag.
Maja GLUŠAC, Marija KOZARIĆ, 2022: Pragmatički čimbenici pri imenovanju u hrvatskom političkom i medijskom diskursu. Linguia Montenegrina XV/1, 29, 137–158.
Domagoj GREČL, 2018: Djevičanska proročica – Agamemnonova priležnica. Latina et Graeca 34/2, 7–22.
Oksana HAVRYLIV, 2009: Verbale Aggression. Formen und Funktionen am Beispiel des Wienerischen. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
Elke HENTSCHEL, Petra M. VOGEL, 2009: Deutsche Morphologie. Berlin, New York: De Gruyter.
Lana HUDEČEK, Milica MIHALJEVIĆ, 2017: Hrvatska školska gramatika. Zagreb: Institut za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje.
Kristian LEWIS, Barbara ŠTEBIH GOLUB, 2014: Tvorba riječi i reklamni diskurs. Rasprave 40/1, 133–147.
Michael LOHDE, 2006: Wortbildung des modernen Deutschen: ein Lehr- und Übungsbuch. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag.
Ivan MARKOVIĆ, 2011: Hrvatske stopljenice: Novìna u slengu, jeziku reklame i novina. Diskurs i dijalog: Teorije, metode i primjene. Ur. Vladimir Karabalić, Melita Aleksa Varga, Leonard Pon. Osijek: Hrvatsko društvo za primijenjenu lingvistiku (HDPL); Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku. 223–238.
Ivan MARKOVIĆ, 2009: Tri nehrvatske tvorbe: infiksacija, reduplikacija, fuzija. Rasprave 35, 217–241.
Ivan MARKOVIĆ, Ivana KLINDIĆ, Iva BORKOVIĆ, 2016: Hrvatski rječnik stopljenica. Zagreb: stilistika.org, Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu.
Jörg MEIBAUER, 2014: Bald-faced lies as acts of verbal aggression. Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict 2/1, 127–150.
Ana MIKIĆ ČOLIĆ, 2015: Word formation of blends. Mostariensia 19/2, 21–36.
Marija PERIĆ, Nikolina MILETIĆ, 2019: Pejorativa in deutschen und kroatischen Leserkommentaren auf Terroranschläge im Internet. Jezikoslovni zapiski 25/1, 127–141.
Marija PERIĆ, 2021: Deminutivi i augmentativi kao evaluativna sredstva u njemačkom i hrvatskom jeziku (na primjeru mrežnih komentara izborne kampanje). Doktorska disertacija. Zadar: Sveučilište u Zadru.
Tat’jana Vital’evna POPOVA, 2007: Grafičeskie okkazionalizmy russkogo jazyka konca XX – načala XXI vv. Russkoe slovo, vyskazyvanie, tekst. Moskva: Moskovskij gosudarstvennyj oblastnoj universitet. 291–295.
Tat’jana Vital’evna POPOVA, 2008a: Vidy grafoderivacii v sovremennom russkom jazyke. Russkij jazyk: čelovek, kul’tura, kommunikacija. Ekaterinburg: Ural’skij gosudarstvennyj tehničeskij universitet. 182–191.
Tat’jana Vital’evna POPOVA, 2008b: Grafoderivat: slovo ili tekst? Russkij jazyk: čelovek, kul’tura, kommunikacija. Ekaterinburg: Ural’skij gosudarstvennyj tehničeskij universitet. 191–198.
Maria SCHILLER, 2007: Pragmatik der Diminutiva, Kosenamen und Kosewörter in der modernen russischen Umgangsliteratursprache. München: Herbert Utz Verlag.
Klaus P. SCHILLER, 2003: Diminutives in English. Berlin, Boston: de Gruyter.
Aneta STOJIĆ, Anita PAVIĆ PINTARIĆ, 2014: Pejorative Nouns in Speech Act of Insulting as Expression of Verbal Aggression. Croatian Journal of Philosophy XIV/42, 343–356.
Irena STRAMLJIČ BREZNIK, 2010: Besedotvorne lastnosti slovenskih okazionalizmov. Novye javlenija v slavjanskom slovoobrazovanii: sistema i funkcionirovanie. Trudy i materialy. Slavjanskie jazyki i kul’tury v sovremennom mire. Ur. Elena Vasil’evna Petruhina. Moskva: Moskovskij gosudarstvennyj universitet imeni M. V. Lomonosova, Filologičeskij fakultet. 352–363.
Georg THOMPSON, Susan HUNSTON, 2003: Evaluation: an introduction. Evaluation in Text. Authorial Stance and the Construction of Discourse. Ur. Susan Huston, Geoff Thompson. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1–27.
Barbara VODANOVIĆ, 2017: Osobni nadimak, figura za društveno uvjetovani kontekst (na primjeru nadimaka s otoka Pašmana). Folia Onomastica Croatica 26, 139–155.
URL1 = https://zargonaut.com/njonjo (pristup: 28.10.2022.)
URL2 = https://hjp.znanje.hr/index.php?show=search_by_id&id=d15iXhA%3D&-keyword=skorojevi%C4%87 (pristup 31.10.2022.)
URL3 = https://hjp.znanje.hr/index.php?show=search_by_id&id=eFhmWRI%3D&-keyword=orangutan (pristup 31.10.2022.)
URL4 = https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bangster (pristup 31.10.2022.)
URL5 = https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Schnatterin (pristup 2.11.2022.)
URL6 = https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/bescheuert (pristup 2.11.2022.)
URL7 = http://osobno-ime.hr/#hasan (pristup 2.2.2024.)
URL8 = https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/kultur-vergnuegen/tv-medien/frech-aber-liebpittiplatsch-nervte-nicht-nur-schnatterinchen-li.235834 (pristup 2.2.2024.)
URL9 = https://www.dwds.de/wb/Schlumpf (pristup 2.2.2024.)
URL10 = https://www.dwds.de/wb/Pipi (pristup 2.2.2024.)
URL11 = https://www.dwds.de/wb/Pipim%C3%A4dchen (pristup 2.2.2024.)
Published
2024-06-28
How to Cite
Perić Šormaz M. (2024). Pejoration and Naming of Politicians in Readers’ Comments. Slavia Centralis, 17(1), 77–97. https://doi.org/10.18690/scn.17.1.77–97.2024
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