The non-prototypical discourse marker zdaj
Abstract
The present paper presents a qualitative case study of the Slovene discourse marker zdaj (now), which, thus far, has been explored in its prosodically prominent structure or as a prototypical discourse marker. The structural, i.e., the prosodical analysis, highlights that the discourse marker zdaj also manifests in its non-prototypical form. By means of semantic analysis, underpinned by paraphrase and translation tests, we suggest that the non-prototypical form signals subtler frame shifts than its prototypical counterpart, and that it primarily functions as an emphasis device, whereas the prototypical zdaj predominately performs discourse structuring functions.
Downloads
References
Gisle ANDERSEN, 2000: The role of the pragmatic marker like in utterance interpretation. Pragmatic Markers and Propositional Attitude. Ur. G. Andersen in T. Fretheim. (Pragmatics & Beyond New Series, 79). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing. 17–38.
Ronald CARTER in Michael MCCARTHY, 2006: Cambridge grammar of English: a comprehensive guide; spoken and written English grammar and usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Csilla Ilona DER in Alexandra MARKO, 2010: A pilot study of Hungarian discourse markers. Lang. Speech 53/2, 135–180.
Kaja DOBROVOLJC, 2018: Raba tipično govorjenih diskurznih označevalcev na spletu. Slavistična revija 66/4, 497‒513.
Gorka ELORDIETA in Magdalena ROMERA, 2002: Prosody and meaning in interaction: The case of the Spanish discourse functional unit entonces »then«. Proc. Speech Prosody. Aix-en-Provence, Francija. 263‒266.
Kerstin FISCHER, 2006: Towards an Understanding of the Spectrum of Approaches to Discourse Particles: Introduction to the Volume. Approaches to discourse particles. Ur. K. Fischer. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 1–20.
Bruce FRASER, 1990: An Account of Discourse Markers. International Review of Pragmatics 1, 293–320.
Ken HYLAND, 2005: Metadiscourse: Exploring Interaction in Writing. London in New York: Continuum.
Mira KRAJNC IVIČ, 2004: Začetniki oziroma sredstva za vzpostavljanje in ohranjanje stika v komunikaciji. Jezikoslovni zapiski 10/2, 121‒136.
– –, 2005: Besedilne značilnosti javne govorjene besede: na gradivu sej mariborskega Mestnega sveta. Maribor. (Zora, 35).
– –, 2010: Kako natančna je lahko transkripcija. Slavia Centralis III/1, 159–192.
Domen KRVINA in Andreja ŽELE, 2017: O medmetih, zlasti o njihovih razločevalnih lastnostih: poudarjen slovarski vidik. Slavistična revija 65/2, 201–228.
Yael MASCHLER, 2002: The Role of Discourse Markers in the Construction of Multivocality in Israeli Hebrew Talk in Interaction. Research on Language and Social Interaction 35/1, 1–38.
– –, 2009: Metalanguage in Interaction. Hebrew discourse markers. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Yael MASCHLER in Deborah SCHIFFRIN, 2015: Discourse markers: Language, meaning, and context. The Handbook of Discourse Analysis. Ur. D. Tannen, H. E. Hamilton in D. Schiffrin. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. 189–221.
Gerard N. O’GRADY, 2017: »I think« in televised political debate. International Review of Pragmatics 9/2, 269–303.
Jesus ROMERO-TRILLO, 2018: Prosodic modeling and position analysis of pragmatic markers in English conversation. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory 14/1, 169–195.
Tina ROŽAC, 2016: Diskurzni označevalci v besedilnih vrstah vsakdanjih pogovorov: študija primera Rakitovca v slovenski Istri. Annales, Series historia et sociologia 26/4, 727–740.
Deborah SCHIFFRIN, 1987: Discourse Markers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
– –, 2001: Discourse markers: language, meaning, and context. The handbook of discourse analysis. Ur. D. Schiffrin, D. Tannen in E. H. Hamilton. Oxford: Blackwell. 54–75.
Mojca SCHLAMBERGER BREZAR, 1998: Vloga povezovalcev v diskurzu. Jezik za danes in jutri. Ur. Inka Štrukelj. Ljubljana: Društvo za uporabno jezikoslovje Slovenije. 194–202.
– –, 2007: Vloga povezovalcev v govorjenem diskurzu. Jezik in slovstvo 52/3‒4, 21‒32.
Lawrence SCHOURUP, 1999: Discourse markers. Lingua 107/3, 227–265.
Kathrink SIEBOLD, 2021: German dann – From adverb to discourse marker. Journal of Pragmatics 175, 129‒145.
Mojca SMOLEJ, 2004: Členki kot besedilni povezovalci. Jezik in slovstvo 49/5, 45–57.
– –, 2012: Besedilne vrste v spontanem govoru. Ljubljana: Znanstvena založba Filozofske fakultete.
Janez STERGAR, Vladimir HOZJAN in Bogomir HORVAT, 2003: Labeling of symbolic prosody breaks for the Slovenian language. International journal of speech technology 6/3, 289–299.
Irena STRAMLJIČ BREZNIK, 2014a: Medmeti v slovenskem jeziku. Maribor: Založba Pivec.
– –, 2014b: Medmet kot besedna vrsta v slovničnih opisih slovenskega jezika. Slavistična revija 62/1, 17–37.
Alenka VALH LOPERT, 2013: Med knjižnim in neknjižnim na radijskih valovih v Mariboru. Maribor: Študentska založba Litera.
Teun A. Van DIJK, 1997: The study of discourse. Discourse as structure and process. Ur. T. A. Van Dijk. London: Sage.
Darinka VERDONIK, 2015: Slovarski opis pragmatično-diskurzne razsežnosti leksikalne rabe. Slovnica in slovar – aktualni jezikovni opis, 2. del. Ur. M. Smolej. Ljubljana. (Obdobja, 34). 793–799.
– –, 2006: Mhm, ja, no, dobro, glejte, eee …: Diskurzni označevalci v telefonskih pogovorih. Jezik in slovstvo 51/2, 19–36.
– –, 2007a: Jezikovni elementi spontanosti v pogovoru. Diskurzni označevalci in popravljanja. Maribor: Mednarodna založba Oddelka za slovanske jezike in književnosti, Filozofska fakulteta. (Mednarodna knjižna zbirka Zora, št. …).
– –, 2007b: Upravljanje pogovora kot metadiskurzna funkcija. Jezik in slovstvo 52/3–4, 53–66.
Darinka VERDONIK, Matej ROJC in Marko STABEJ, 2007a: Annotating Discourse Markers in Spontaneous Speech Corpora on an Example for the Slovenian Language. Language Resources and Evaluation Journal 41/2, 147–80.
Darinka VERDONIK, Andrej ŽGANK in Agnes PISANSKI PETERLIN, 2007b: Diskurzni označevalci v dveh pogovornih žanrih. Jezik in slovstvo 52/6, 19–33.
Branislava VIČAR, 2011: Parenteza v novinarskem in parlamentarnem diskurzu. Maribor: Mednarodna založba Oddelka za slovanske jezike in književnosti, Filozofska fakulteta. (Mednarodna knjižna zbirka Zora, 77).
Ana ZWITTER VITEZ, 2018: Enota analize spontanega govora. Jezik in slovstvo 63/2–3, 157–175, 277.
Nina ŽAVBI MILOJEVIĆ, 2013: Analiza odrskega govora. Slavistična revija 61/4, 651–664.
Andreja ŽELE, 2014: Slovar slovenskih členkov. Ljubljana: Založba ZRC.
SPLETNI VIRI
DORA – Nedeljski pogovori. Dostop 7. 9. 2022 na https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ur7zbkJWhek.
Gospoda – Branje. Dostop 7. 9. 2022 na https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H2PgIJOY7Vg.
Gospoda – Kostanj. Dostop 7. 9. 2022 na https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h22aWoMJAi0.
Gospoda – Umetnost. Dostop 7. 9. 2022 na https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2A1Q1tWz3Ck.
SSKJ2 – Slovar slovenskega knjižnega jezika. Druga, dopolnjena in deloma prenovljena izdaja. Spletna izdaja, 2014. Dostop 7. 9. 2022 na https://fran.si/.
Sinonimni slovar slovenskega jezika. Spletna izdaja, 2018. Dostop 7. 9. 2022 na https://fran.si/.
Copyright (c) 2022 University of Maribor Press
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyrights
Authors of accepted manuscripts will retain copyright in their work, but will assign to Slavia Centralis the permanent right to electronically distribute their article. Authors may republish their work (in print and/or electronic format) as long as they acknowledge Slavia Centralis as the original publisher. Authors may also share the published version on their own websites, departmental webpages, or institutional repositories.
Plagiarism Policy
Slavia Centralis is a non-commercial, open access, electronic research journal. As such it pledges to uphold certain ethical principles regarding confidentiality, originality and intellectual fair play. Slavia Centralis takes copyright infringement and plagiarism very seriously and all submissions may be checked with duplication detection software.
Authors must:
- Ensure that all work submitted is original, fully referenced and that all authors are represented accurately. The submission must be exclusive and not under consideration elsewhere.
- Obtain all permissions from copyright owners for 3rd party material (e.g. quotations, illustrations, tables, etc.).