Uživanje flupiradifurona, piraklostrobina in fluksapiraksada spremeni vedenje pri Melipona scutellaris ter povzroča prezgodnjo smrtnost posameznih osebkov
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18690/agricsci.22.1-2.3Ključne besede:
biomarkerji, insekticidi, fungicidi, stranski učinki, neželate čebelePovzetek
Pesticidi se v brazilskem kmetijstvu pogosto uporabljajo za zaščito posevkov pred ciljnimi organizmi. Kljub temu pa je bilo dokazano, da njihova uporaba škoduje tudi koristnim žuželkam, kot so čebele. Glede na vrzel v znanju o učinkih pesticidov na žuželke, ki ne pripadajo rodu Apis in na pomen neželatih čebel za ekosisteme ter za pridelavo hrane za ljudi, smo si zadali cilj oceniti preživetje in vedenje vrste Melipona scutellaris po zaužitju aktivnih snovi flupiradifurona, piraklostrobina in fluksapiraksada, posamezno in v kombinaciji. V ta namen smo vzorčene pašne čebele razdelili v eksperimentalne skupine glede na tri diete: flupiradifuron 6 ng/μL (IS), piraklostrobin 0.1 ng/μL in fluksapiraksad 0.05 ng/μL (FN); flupiradifuron 3 ng/μL, piraklostrobin 0.05 ng/μL in fluksapiraksad 0.025 ng/μL (IF). Rezultati so pokazali, da so aktivne snovi povzročile prezgodnjo smrtnost pašnih čebel M. scutellaris. Poleg tega je že štiriurna izpostavljenost kombinaciji IS zadostovala za pojav simptomov, podobnih tistim, ki jih povzročajo neonikotinoidi (nekoordinirani gibi in nenadzorovano izproženje rilčka), medtem ko je izpostavljenost kombinaciji FN povzročila letargijo. Rezultati kažejo, da lahko že kratkotrajna izpostavljenost tem aktivnim snovem povzroči hude fiziološke poškodbe pri pašnih čebelah, kar oslabi njihovo sposobnost zbiranja prehranskih virov za družino čebel in posledično vpliva na njeno splošno zdravje.
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