The Relation Between Leadership and Expected Results from the Educational Process Within School Culture
Keywords:
primary school, discipline, hyperactivity, sport, healthy lifestyle
Abstract
School culture is a multifaceted concept, comprising multiple dimensions. The present research explored relations between selected dimensions: between the dimension focused on shared objectives, trust in school leadership, and on a managerial approach, and the important dimension focused on the innovation process and the results expected from the education process. School leaders using the School Culture Inventory evaluated current and desired school culture in their primary schools to identify culture gaps. The research findings should help school leaders in planning to shape the culture and innovate the strategy of the schools they manage.
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References
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Bell, L., and Kent, P. (2010). The Cultural Jigsaw: A case study exploring the ways in which sixth-form students perceive school culture. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 38(1), pp. 8–32.
Blanuša Trošelj, D., Peić Papak, P., and Zuljan, D. (2021). Teacher Self-Assessment of their Science and Technics Competences and Professional Development. Journal of Elementary Education, 14(1), pp. 73–92.
Burkhauser, S., Gates, S. M., Hamilton, L. S., and Ikemoto, G. S. (2012). First-year Principals in Urban School Districts: How actions and working conditions relate to outcomes. Santa Monica: The RAND Corporation.
Bush, T. (2003). Theories of Educational Leadership and Management. London: Sage.
Bush, T. (2013). Distributed leadership: The model of choice in the 21st century. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 41(5), pp. 543–544.
Bush, T. (2016). School leadership and management in England: The paradox of simultaneous centralisation and decentralisation. Research in Educational Administration and Leadership, 1(1), pp. 1–23.
Cameron, K. S., and Quinn, R. E. (2011). Diagnosing and Changing Organizational Culture. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Deal, T. E., and Peterson, K. (1999). Shaping School Culture. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Dolton, P., and Newson, D. (2003). The relationship between teacher turnover and school performance. London Review of Education, 1(2), pp. 131–140.
Eger, L., and Jakubíková, D. (2001). Kultura školy. [School Culture] Liberec: TU Liberec.
Eger, L., and Prášilová, M. (2020). The relation between school culture sub-categories and expected results of learning process. Problems of Education in the 21st Century, 78(1), pp. 48–60.
Erichsen K., and Reynolds J. (2020) Public school accountability, workplace culture, and teacher morale. Social Science Research, 85, 102347, pp. 1–15.
EURYDICE (2021). Czech Republic. Organisation of Single Structure Education. Retrieved 10/10/2021, from https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/eurydice/content/organis–ation-single-structure-education-7_en
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Faas, D., Smith, A., and Darmody, M. (2018) The role of principals in creating inclusive school environments: insights from community national schools in Ireland. School Leadership & Management, 38(4), pp. 457–473.
Fidler, B. (2002). Strategic Management for School Development. London: Paul Chapman Publishing.
Ginevičius, R., and Vaitkūnaitė, V. (2006). Analysis of organizational culture dimensions impacting performance. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 7(4), pp. 201–211.
Gruenert, S. (2000). Shaping a new school culture. Contemporary Education, 1(2), pp. 14–17.
Gruenert, S., and Whitaker, T. (2015). School Culture Rewired: How to define, assess, and transform it. Alexandria: ASCD.
Hallinger, P., and Heck, H. R. (1996). Reassessing the principal’s role in school effectiveness: A review of empirical research, 1980–1995. Educational Administration Quarterly, 32(1), pp. 5–44.
Hallinger, P. (2018). Bringing context out of the shadows of leadership. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 46(1), 5–24.
Heikka, J., Waniganayake, M., & Hujala, E. (2012). Contextualizing Distributed Leadership Within Early Childhood Education: Current Understandings, Research Evidence and future Challenges. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 40(1), pp. 30–44.
Hinde, R. E. (2004). School culture and change: An examination of the effects of school culture on the process of change. Essays in Education 11. Retrieved 10/10/2021, from http://cite–seerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.404.6474&rep=rep1&type=pdf
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Hornáčková, V., Princová, K., and Šimková, T. (2014). Analysis and evaluation of school culture in kindergartens. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 112, pp. 916–923.
Jackson, L. S. (2016). Research Methods and Statistics: A Critical Thinking Approach. Boston: Cengage Learning.
Janovská, A., Orosová, O., and Janovský, J. (2016.) Head teacher’s social support, personality variables and subjective well-being of Slovak primary teachers. Orbis Scholae, 10(3), pp. 71–87.
Kulhavy, E. (1990). Skizzen zum Marketing. [Marketing notes]. Linz: Universitätverlag Rudolf Trauner.
Lee, M., and Louis, K. S. (2019). Mapping a strong school culture and linking it to sustainable school improvement. Teaching and Teacher Education, 81, pp. 84–96.
Leithwood, K., Day, Ch., Sammons, P., Harris, A., and Hopkins, D. (2006a). Successful School Leadership: What it is and how it influences pupil learning. Nottingham: DfES Publications.
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Leithwood, K., and Jantzi, D. (2006). Transformational school leadership for large-scale reform: Effects on students, teachers, and their classroom practices. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 17(2), pp. 201–227.
Leithwood, K., and Riehl, C. (2003). What We Know about Successful School Leadership. Nottingham: National College for School Leadership. http://olms.cte.jhu.edu/olms2/data/ck/file–/What_we_know_about_SchoolLeadership.pdf
Lindahl, A. R. (2010). Differences in principals’ leadership behavior in high‐ and low‐performing schools. Journal of Leadership Studies, 3(4), pp. 34–45.
Louis, S. K., Dretzke, B., and Wahlstrom, K. (2010). How does leadership affect student achievement? Results from a national US survey. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 21(3), pp. 315–336.
Lubis, W., Sagala, S., Saragih, A. H. and Sagala, G. H. (2021) Measuring valuable antecedents of instructional leadership in educational organisations. International Journal of Management in Education, 15(1), pp. 41–57.
Maslowski, R. (2006). A review of inventories for diagnosing school culture. Journal of Educational Administration, 44(1), pp. 6–35.
Nielsen, S. R., and Taggart, A. (2021). Which Principal is the Right Principal? Student Achievement, School Finances, and Community Stakeholders. Journal of Cases in Educational Leadership, 24(3), pp. 63–74.
NPI (2021). [National Pedagogical Institute of the Czech Republic]. Retrieved 20/11/2021, from https://www.npi.cz/
OECD (2016). Review of policies to improve the effectiveness of resource use in schools. Czech Republic. Retrieved 10/10/2021, from http://www.oecd.org/education/school/CZE-CBR_FINAL-OCT2016.pdf
Oplatka, I., and Hemsley‐Brown, J. (2007). The incorporation of market orientation in the school culture: An essential aspect of school marketing. International Journal of Educational Management, 21(4), pp. 292–305.
Osiname, T. A. (2018). Utilizing the critical inclusive praxis: The voyage of five selected school principals in building inclusive school cultures. Improving Schools, 21(1), pp. 63–83.
Pavlidou, C. T., and Efstathiades, A. (2021). The effects of internal marketing strategies on the organizational culture of secondary public schools. Evaluation and Program Planning, 84, 101894, pp. 1–12.
Peters, T. J., and Waterman, R. H. (1982). In Search of Excellence: Lessons from America’s best-run companies. New York: Harper & Row.
Peterson, K., and Deal, T. (1998). How leaders influence the culture of schools. Educational Leadership, 56(1), pp. 28–30.
Pont, B., Nusche, D., and Hopkins, D. (2008). Improving School Leadership. Volume 2: Case Studies on System Leadership. Paris: OECD.
Schein, E. H. (1985). Organizational Culture and Leadership. San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons.
Schein, E. H. (2016). Organizational Culture and Leadership. San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons.
Shahzad, F., Luqman, A., Khan, R. A., and Shabbir, L. (2012). Impact of organizational culture on organizational performance: An overview. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 3(9), pp. 975–985.
Shaked, H. (2021). How Clan Culture Impairs Functions of Instructional Leadership: The Case of Israel. Advance online publication. Leadership and Policy in Schools. Published online: 02 Sep 2021.
Stará J., and Starý K. (2019). Using Learning Objectives when Teaching in Czech Primary Schools. Journal of Elementary Education, 12(4), pp. 229–248.
Sukkyung, Y., Ann, Y., and Sun, A. L. (2017). Job satisfaction among, secondary teachers in Korea: Effects of teachers´ sense of efficacy and school culture. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 45(2), pp. 284–297.
Sun, J., and Leithwood, K. (2012). Transformational School Leadership Effects on Student Achievement. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 11(4), pp. 418–451.
Tamir, E. A, and Ganon-Shilon, S. (2021). A “cracking” school culture: leading resource exploitation during implementation of a national reform. Journal of Educational Administration, 59(5), pp. 650–665.
Turan, S., and Bektas, F. (2013). The relationship between school culture and leadership practices. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 52, pp. 155–168.
Witziers, B., Bosker, R. J., and Krüger, M. L. (2003). Educational leadership and student achievement: The elusive search for an association. Educational Administration Quarterly, 39(3), pp. 398–425.
Wu, H., and Shen, J. (2022). The association between principal leadership and student achievement: A multivariate meta-meta-analysis. Educational Research Review, 35, 100423.
Yildirim, A. (2018). Views of school administrators regarding the assignment of school principals. European Journal of Educational Research, 7(3), pp. 695–705.
Yavuz, O., and Gulmez, G. (2018). Preparing perform and impact ready school leaders for improving urban school success. Research in Educational Administration and Leadership, 3(1), pp. 88–120.
Zhu, C., Devos, G., and Tondeur, J. (2014). Examining school culture in Flemish and Chinese primary schools. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 42(4), pp. 557–575.
Bell, L., and Kent, P. (2010). The Cultural Jigsaw: A case study exploring the ways in which sixth-form students perceive school culture. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 38(1), pp. 8–32.
Blanuša Trošelj, D., Peić Papak, P., and Zuljan, D. (2021). Teacher Self-Assessment of their Science and Technics Competences and Professional Development. Journal of Elementary Education, 14(1), pp. 73–92.
Burkhauser, S., Gates, S. M., Hamilton, L. S., and Ikemoto, G. S. (2012). First-year Principals in Urban School Districts: How actions and working conditions relate to outcomes. Santa Monica: The RAND Corporation.
Bush, T. (2003). Theories of Educational Leadership and Management. London: Sage.
Bush, T. (2013). Distributed leadership: The model of choice in the 21st century. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 41(5), pp. 543–544.
Bush, T. (2016). School leadership and management in England: The paradox of simultaneous centralisation and decentralisation. Research in Educational Administration and Leadership, 1(1), pp. 1–23.
Cameron, K. S., and Quinn, R. E. (2011). Diagnosing and Changing Organizational Culture. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Deal, T. E., and Peterson, K. (1999). Shaping School Culture. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Dolton, P., and Newson, D. (2003). The relationship between teacher turnover and school performance. London Review of Education, 1(2), pp. 131–140.
Eger, L., and Jakubíková, D. (2001). Kultura školy. [School Culture] Liberec: TU Liberec.
Eger, L., and Prášilová, M. (2020). The relation between school culture sub-categories and expected results of learning process. Problems of Education in the 21st Century, 78(1), pp. 48–60.
Erichsen K., and Reynolds J. (2020) Public school accountability, workplace culture, and teacher morale. Social Science Research, 85, 102347, pp. 1–15.
EURYDICE (2021). Czech Republic. Organisation of Single Structure Education. Retrieved 10/10/2021, from https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/eurydice/content/organis–ation-single-structure-education-7_en
Everard, K. B., and Morris, G. (1996). Effective School Management. London: Paul Chapman Publishing.
Everard, K. B., Morris, G., and Wilson, I. (2004). Effective School Management. London: Paul Chapman Publishing.
Faas, D., Smith, A., and Darmody, M. (2018) The role of principals in creating inclusive school environments: insights from community national schools in Ireland. School Leadership & Management, 38(4), pp. 457–473.
Fidler, B. (2002). Strategic Management for School Development. London: Paul Chapman Publishing.
Ginevičius, R., and Vaitkūnaitė, V. (2006). Analysis of organizational culture dimensions impacting performance. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 7(4), pp. 201–211.
Gruenert, S. (2000). Shaping a new school culture. Contemporary Education, 1(2), pp. 14–17.
Gruenert, S., and Whitaker, T. (2015). School Culture Rewired: How to define, assess, and transform it. Alexandria: ASCD.
Hallinger, P., and Heck, H. R. (1996). Reassessing the principal’s role in school effectiveness: A review of empirical research, 1980–1995. Educational Administration Quarterly, 32(1), pp. 5–44.
Hallinger, P. (2018). Bringing context out of the shadows of leadership. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 46(1), 5–24.
Heikka, J., Waniganayake, M., & Hujala, E. (2012). Contextualizing Distributed Leadership Within Early Childhood Education: Current Understandings, Research Evidence and future Challenges. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 40(1), pp. 30–44.
Hinde, R. E. (2004). School culture and change: An examination of the effects of school culture on the process of change. Essays in Education 11. Retrieved 10/10/2021, from http://cite–seerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.404.6474&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Higgins-D'Alessandro, A., and Sadh, D. (1998). The dimensions and measurement of school culture: Understanding school culture as the basis for school reform. International Journal of Educational Research, 27(7), pp. 553–569.
Hornáčková, V., Princová, K., and Šimková, T. (2014). Analysis and evaluation of school culture in kindergartens. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 112, pp. 916–923.
Jackson, L. S. (2016). Research Methods and Statistics: A Critical Thinking Approach. Boston: Cengage Learning.
Janovská, A., Orosová, O., and Janovský, J. (2016.) Head teacher’s social support, personality variables and subjective well-being of Slovak primary teachers. Orbis Scholae, 10(3), pp. 71–87.
Kulhavy, E. (1990). Skizzen zum Marketing. [Marketing notes]. Linz: Universitätverlag Rudolf Trauner.
Lee, M., and Louis, K. S. (2019). Mapping a strong school culture and linking it to sustainable school improvement. Teaching and Teacher Education, 81, pp. 84–96.
Leithwood, K., Day, Ch., Sammons, P., Harris, A., and Hopkins, D. (2006a). Successful School Leadership: What it is and how it influences pupil learning. Nottingham: DfES Publications.
Leithwood, K., Day, C., Sammons, P., Harris, A., and Hopkins, D. (2006b, April 5). Seven strong claims about successful school leadership. National College of School Leadership, http://dera–.ioe.ac.uk/6967/1/download%3Fid%3D17387%26filename%3Dseven-claims-about-successful-school-leadership.pdf.
Leithwood, K., and Jantzi, D. (2006). Transformational school leadership for large-scale reform: Effects on students, teachers, and their classroom practices. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 17(2), pp. 201–227.
Leithwood, K., and Riehl, C. (2003). What We Know about Successful School Leadership. Nottingham: National College for School Leadership. http://olms.cte.jhu.edu/olms2/data/ck/file–/What_we_know_about_SchoolLeadership.pdf
Lindahl, A. R. (2010). Differences in principals’ leadership behavior in high‐ and low‐performing schools. Journal of Leadership Studies, 3(4), pp. 34–45.
Louis, S. K., Dretzke, B., and Wahlstrom, K. (2010). How does leadership affect student achievement? Results from a national US survey. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 21(3), pp. 315–336.
Lubis, W., Sagala, S., Saragih, A. H. and Sagala, G. H. (2021) Measuring valuable antecedents of instructional leadership in educational organisations. International Journal of Management in Education, 15(1), pp. 41–57.
Maslowski, R. (2006). A review of inventories for diagnosing school culture. Journal of Educational Administration, 44(1), pp. 6–35.
Nielsen, S. R., and Taggart, A. (2021). Which Principal is the Right Principal? Student Achievement, School Finances, and Community Stakeholders. Journal of Cases in Educational Leadership, 24(3), pp. 63–74.
NPI (2021). [National Pedagogical Institute of the Czech Republic]. Retrieved 20/11/2021, from https://www.npi.cz/
OECD (2016). Review of policies to improve the effectiveness of resource use in schools. Czech Republic. Retrieved 10/10/2021, from http://www.oecd.org/education/school/CZE-CBR_FINAL-OCT2016.pdf
Oplatka, I., and Hemsley‐Brown, J. (2007). The incorporation of market orientation in the school culture: An essential aspect of school marketing. International Journal of Educational Management, 21(4), pp. 292–305.
Osiname, T. A. (2018). Utilizing the critical inclusive praxis: The voyage of five selected school principals in building inclusive school cultures. Improving Schools, 21(1), pp. 63–83.
Pavlidou, C. T., and Efstathiades, A. (2021). The effects of internal marketing strategies on the organizational culture of secondary public schools. Evaluation and Program Planning, 84, 101894, pp. 1–12.
Peters, T. J., and Waterman, R. H. (1982). In Search of Excellence: Lessons from America’s best-run companies. New York: Harper & Row.
Peterson, K., and Deal, T. (1998). How leaders influence the culture of schools. Educational Leadership, 56(1), pp. 28–30.
Pont, B., Nusche, D., and Hopkins, D. (2008). Improving School Leadership. Volume 2: Case Studies on System Leadership. Paris: OECD.
Schein, E. H. (1985). Organizational Culture and Leadership. San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons.
Schein, E. H. (2016). Organizational Culture and Leadership. San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons.
Shahzad, F., Luqman, A., Khan, R. A., and Shabbir, L. (2012). Impact of organizational culture on organizational performance: An overview. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 3(9), pp. 975–985.
Shaked, H. (2021). How Clan Culture Impairs Functions of Instructional Leadership: The Case of Israel. Advance online publication. Leadership and Policy in Schools. Published online: 02 Sep 2021.
Stará J., and Starý K. (2019). Using Learning Objectives when Teaching in Czech Primary Schools. Journal of Elementary Education, 12(4), pp. 229–248.
Sukkyung, Y., Ann, Y., and Sun, A. L. (2017). Job satisfaction among, secondary teachers in Korea: Effects of teachers´ sense of efficacy and school culture. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 45(2), pp. 284–297.
Sun, J., and Leithwood, K. (2012). Transformational School Leadership Effects on Student Achievement. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 11(4), pp. 418–451.
Tamir, E. A, and Ganon-Shilon, S. (2021). A “cracking” school culture: leading resource exploitation during implementation of a national reform. Journal of Educational Administration, 59(5), pp. 650–665.
Turan, S., and Bektas, F. (2013). The relationship between school culture and leadership practices. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 52, pp. 155–168.
Witziers, B., Bosker, R. J., and Krüger, M. L. (2003). Educational leadership and student achievement: The elusive search for an association. Educational Administration Quarterly, 39(3), pp. 398–425.
Wu, H., and Shen, J. (2022). The association between principal leadership and student achievement: A multivariate meta-meta-analysis. Educational Research Review, 35, 100423.
Yildirim, A. (2018). Views of school administrators regarding the assignment of school principals. European Journal of Educational Research, 7(3), pp. 695–705.
Yavuz, O., and Gulmez, G. (2018). Preparing perform and impact ready school leaders for improving urban school success. Research in Educational Administration and Leadership, 3(1), pp. 88–120.
Zhu, C., Devos, G., and Tondeur, J. (2014). Examining school culture in Flemish and Chinese primary schools. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 42(4), pp. 557–575.
Published
2023-03-23
How to Cite
Eger L., & Egerová D. (2023). The Relation Between Leadership and Expected Results from the Educational Process Within School Culture. Journal of Elementary Education, 16(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.18690/rei.16.1.2684
Section
Scientific Articles
Copyright (c) 2023 Ludvík Eger, Dana Egerová
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.