Metacognitive Skills of Pupils in Primary Mathematics Education

  • Eva Nováková Masaryk University, Faculty of Education
Keywords: Metacognition, prediction, self-evaluation, solving of problems.

Abstract

In educational theory and research, metacognition is increasingly seen as an important predictor of successful learning – it is the key to learning and academic achievement. The study investigates "off-line" metacognition (i.e. the level of prediction and the level of self-evaluation) in relation to the solving of mathematical problems by primary school pupils. The research was carried out on a group of 311 pupils of 16 classes of primary schools. We used the test consisting of five tasks, which also included questions aimed at finding out the level of pupils' prediction and their level of self-evaluation. We processed the obtained data with the intentions of a quantitative methodological approach. It follows from the research findings that students who were successful in solving the tasks achieved a higher level of prediction and self-assessment than students who were not successful.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Annevirta, T., Laakkonen, E., Kinnunen, R., and Vauras, M. (2007). Developmental dynamics of metacognitive knowledge and text comprehension skill in the first primary school years. Metacognition and Learning, 2(1), 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11409-007-9005-x.

Azevedo, R. (2009). Theoretical, conceptual, methodological, and instructional issues in research on metacognition and self-regulated learning: A discussion. Metacognition and Learning, 4(1), 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11409-009-9035-7.

Bryce, D., Whitebread, D., and Szücs, D. (2015). The relationship among executive functions, metacognitive skills and educational achievement in 5- and 7-year-old children. Metacognition and Learning, 10(2), 181–198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11409-014-9120-4.

Callan, G. L, and Cleary, T. J. (2019). Examining cyclical phase relations and predictive influences of self-regulated learning processes on mathematics task performance. Metacognition and Learning 14(1), 43–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11409-019-09191-x.

Cano F., Garcia, A., Garcia Berbén, A. B., Pichardo-Martinez, M. C., and Justicia, F. (2014). The effects of question-generation training on metacognitive knowledge, self regulation and learning approaches in science. Psicothema, 26(3), 385–390. http://dx.doi.org/10.7334/psicothema201–3.252.

Dawson, T. L. (2008). Metacognition and learning in adulthood. Developmental Testing Service, LLC. https://dts.lectica.org/PDF/Metacognition.pdf.

Desoete, A. (2001). Off-line metacognition in children with mathematics learning disabilities. [Doctoral thesis]. University of Ghent. https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/522137.

Desoete, A., Royers, H., and Buysse, A. (2001). Metacognition and mathematical problem solving in Grade 3. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 34(5), 435–449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00222–1940103400505.

Didau, D. (2018). Making Kids Cleverer: A manifesto for closing the advantage gap. Crown House Publishing.

Duckworth, K., Akerman, R., MacGregor, A., Salter, E., and Vorhaus, J. (2009). Self-regulated learning: a literature review. Centre for Research on the Wider Benefits of Learning, Research Report, 33.

Flavell, J. H. (1979). Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive-developmental inquiry. American Psychologist, 34, 906–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.34.10.906.

Fritz, K., Howie, P., &Kleitman, S. (2010). “How do I remember when I got my dog?” The structure and development of children’s metamemory. Metacognition and Learning, 5(2), 207–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11409-010-9058-0.

Hnátová, J. & Mokriš, M. (2020). Bias and accuracy of evaluation of cognitive performance by students of the study department teaching and pedagogical sciences in the subject mathematical literacy. Elementary Mathematics Education Journal 2(2), 12–21.

Hrbáčková, K. (2011). Vliv metakognitivní intervence na rozvoj myšlení dětí předškolního věku. [Metacognitive intervention for the development of thinking of preschool children]. e-Pedagogium, 11(3),49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5507/epd.2011.033.

Larkin, S. (2010). Metacognition in Young Children. Routledge.

Lawson, G. M., & Farah, M. J. (2017). Executive Function as a mediator between SES and academic achievement throughout childhood. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 41(1), 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1177/0165025415603489.

Listiana, L., Susilo, H., Suwono, H., & Suarsini, E. (2016). Empowering students’ metacognitive skills through new teaching strategy (group investigation integrated with think talk write) in biology classroom. Journal of Baltic Science Education, 15(3),391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/jb–se/16.15.391.

Lokajíčková, V. (2014). Metakognice – vymezení pojmu a jeho uchopení v kontextu výuky [Metacognition – defining a concept and grasping it in the context of teaching]. Pedagogika, 64(3), 287–306.

Luciano, J. V., Algarabel, S., Tomas, J. M., and Martinez, J. L. (2004). Development and validation of the thought control ability questionnaire. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(5), 997-1008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.06.020

Marulis, L. M., and Nelson, L. J. (2021). Metacognitive processes and associations to executive function and motivation during a problem-solving task in 3–5-year-olds. Metacognition and Learning 16(1), 207–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11409-020-09244-6.

Nelson, L. J., and Fyfe, E. R. (2019). Metacognitive monitoring and help-seeking decisions on mathematical equivalence problems. Metacognition and Learning, 14(3), 167–187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11409-019-09203-w.

Nováková, E. (2016). Analýza úloh ze soutěže Matematický klokan a jejich řešení žáky primární školy. Shrnutí výsledků výzkumného šetření. [Analysis of Mathematical Kangaroo competition problems and of the solutions by primary school pupils]. Masarykova Univerzita.

Nováková, E. (2018). Prediction and self-evaluation as a part of the process of solving non-standard mathematical tasks. In P. Błaszczyk, & B. Pieronkiewicz (Eds.). Mathematical transgressions 2015 (pp. 283–294). Universitas.

Nováková, E., and Budíková, M. (2023). Prediction and self-evaluation of word problem solving as an opportunity to develop the metacognitive potential of primary school students. In Novotná, J., Moraová, H. (eds.). International Symposium Elementary Mathematics Teaching: New Directions in Elementary Mathematics Education (pp. 238–247). Charles University,

Perry, N. E, and Drummond, L. (2002). Helping young students become self-regulated researchers and writers. The Reading Teacher, 56(3), 298–310. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20205197.

Perry, N. E, Nordby, C. J., and Vandekamp, K. O. (2003). Promoting self-regulated reading and writing at home and school. The Elementary School Journal 103(4), 317–337. http://dx.doi.o–rg/10.1086/499729.

Perry, N. E., Vandekamp, K. O., Mercer, L. K., and Nordby, C. J. (2002). Investigating teacher-student interactions that foster self-regulated learning. Educational Psychologist, 37(1), 5–15. http//dx.doi.org/10.1207/00461520252828519.

Rodek, V. (2019). Learning and its effectiveness in students’ self-reflection. The New Educational Review, 55(1), 112–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/tner.2019.55.1.09.

Rozencwajg, P. (2003). Metacognitive factors in scientific problem-solving strategies. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 28(3), 281–294.

Říčan, J. (2017). Rozvoj metakognitivních znalostí: pedagogicko-psychologický vhled. [Development of metacognitive knowledge: pedagogical-psychological insight]. Gramotnost, pregramotnost a vzdělávání, 1(2), 7–22.

Schleifer, D., and Dull, R. B. (2009). Metacognition and performance in the accounting classroom. Issues in Accounting Education, 24(3), 339–367. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/iace.2009.24.3.339.

Schneider, W., and Artelt, C. (2010). Metacognition and mathematics education. ZDM: The International Journal on Mathematics Education, 42, 149–161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11858-010-0240-2.

Schoenfeld, A. H. (1992). Learning to think mathematically: Problem solving, metacognition, and sense making in mathematics, In Grouws, D. A (ed.), Handbook of research on mathematics teaching and learning, (pp. 334–370). Macmillan.

Schraw, G. (1998). Promoting general metacognitive awareness. Instructional Science 26(1), 113–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003044231033.

Shayer, M., and Adey P. (2002). Learning Intelligence: Cognitive Acceleration Across the Curriculum from 5 to 15 Years. Open University Press.

Silver, E. A. (1987). Foundations of cognitive theory and research for mathematics problem solving instruction. In A. H. Schoenfeld (ed.), Cognitive science and mathematics education (pp. 33–60). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Sperling, R. A., Howard, B. C., Miller, L. A., and Murphy, C. (2002). Measures of children’s knowledge and regulation of cognition. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 27(1), 51–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ceps.2001.1091.

StatSoft, Inc. (2013). Statistica (data analysis of software system), version12. www.statsoft.com.

Sternberg, R. J. (2002). Kognitivní psychologie [Cognitive psychology]. Portál.

Susantini, E., Indana, S., and Isnawati (2018). Using metacognitive strategy to teach leasing strategies: A study of Indonesian pre-service biology teachers. The New Educational Review, 52(2), 258–268. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.15804/tner.2018.52.2.20.

Swoboda, E. (2014) Ability of building [sic] an individual strategy by 8–9-year-old students while solving non-typical mathematical tasks. In (EME 2014). Acta Univ. Palack. Olomucensis, Fac. Paed., Mathematica VII. M. Uhlířová (ed.), pp. 15–25. Univerzita Palackého.

Verschaffel, L., Greer, B., and de Corte, E. (2000). Making Sense of Word Problems. Swets and Zeitlinger B.V.

Vondrová, N., Havlíčková, R., Hirschová, M., Chvál, M., Novotná, J., Páchová, A., Smetáčková, I., Šmejkalová, M., and Tůmová, V. (2019). Matematická slovní úloha: mezi matematikou, jazykem a psychologií. [Mathematical word problems: between mathematics, language and psychology]. Karolinum.

Vališová, A., and Kasíková, H. (2010). Pedagogika pro učitele. [Pedagogy for teachers]. Grada.

Vygotsky, L. S. (2004). Psychologie myšlení a řeči. [Psychology of thought and speech]. Portál.

Published
2024-06-24
How to Cite
Nováková E. (2024). Metacognitive Skills of Pupils in Primary Mathematics Education. Journal of Elementary Education, 17(2), 223-239. https://doi.org/10.18690/rei.3274