Primary School Teachers' Views on Teaching Critical Thinking
Keywords:
Teaching critical thinking, teachers’ views
Abstract
Abstract: The main purpose of the study is to examine the views of classroom teachers on the teaching of critical thinking. It is a qualitative study. The data are collected through a semi-structured interview form. 13 classroom teachers are the study group of the research. Descriptive and content analysis is also used in the analysis of the data. According to the findings, teachers believe that critical thinking is a teachable skill and they know how important their roles are in teaching this skill. However, teachers emphasized that skill training would not be possible without family support.
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References
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Alnesyan, A. (2012). Teaching and learning thinking skills in The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A case Studies from Seven Primary Schools. Unpublished PhD. Dissertation. Universty of Exeter, UK.
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Baysal Z. N., Çarıkçı, S., & Yaşar, B. (2018). Analysis of academics’ views on teaching thinking skills. Inonu University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 19(2), 174-188. DOI: 10.17679/inuefd.339151
Burke, L. A. &Williams, J. M. (2008). Developing young thinkers: An intervention aimed to enhance children’s thinking skills. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 3(2), 104-124.
Caseres, M., Nussbaumi, M., Ortiz, J. (2020). Integrating critical thinking into the classroom: A teacher’s perspective, Thinking Skills and Creativity, 37(1), 1-12.
Cüceloğlu, D. (2008). İyi düşün doğru karar ver [Think well make the right decision], (50. Edit.), İstanbul: Sistem Publishing.
Çalışkan, M. (2019). Eleştirel Düşünmenin Öğretimi [Teaching critical thinking], Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 9(1), 114–134
Çengel, M. (2013). Sınıf ikliminin oluşması sürecinde örtük program: Meslek liseleri üzerine bir araştırma [Implicit program in the formation of classroom climate: A research on vocational high schools], Unpublished doctoral thesis, Adnan Menders University, Aydın.
Çetinkaya, Z. (2011). Türkçe öğretmen adaylarının eleştirel düşünmeye ilişkin görüşlerinin belirlenmesi [Determining the views of Turkish teacher candidates on critical thinking], Ahi Evran University Journal of Education Faculty, 12(3), 93-108.
Demir, M. K. (2006). İlköğretim dördüncü ve beşinci sınıf öğrencilerinin sosyal bilgiler derslerinde eleştirel düşünme düzeylerinin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi [Investigation of primary school fourth and fifth grade students' critical thinking levels in social studies lessons in terms of various variables]. Unpublished doctoral thesis. Gazi University, Ankara.
Demirel, Ö. (2011). Eğitimde program geliştirme: Kuramdan uygulamaya [Curriculum Development in Education: from Theory to Practice].16th edition. Ankara: Pegem Academy.
Doğanay A. (2001) Yaratıcı öğrenme [Creative learning], (Editor: Ali Şimşek) Sınıfta demokrasi [Democracy in class], Ankara: Eğitim-Sen Publishing.
Doğanay, A., Sarı, M. (2003), İlköğretim öğretmenlerinin sahip oldukları eğitim felsefelerine ilişkin algılarının değerlendirilmesi: Öğretmenlerin eğitim felsefeleri [Evaluation of primary school teachers 'perceptions of their educational philosophies: Teachers' educational philosophies], Turkish Educational Sciences Journal, 1 (3), 0-0.
Eğmir, E. & Ocak, G. (2017). The effect of curriculum design of critical thinking on students’ reflective thinking skills, Journal of Theoretical Educational Science, 11 (3), 431-456.
Ennis, R. (1989). Critical thinking and subject specificity: Clarification and needed research. Educational Researcher, 18(3), 4-10.
Ennis, R.(1985). Goals for critical thinking curriculum, Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont (ERIC no:16476)
Erçapan, C. (2009). Okuduğunu anlama stratejilerine genel bir bakış [An overview of reading comprehension strategies], International Journal of Social Studies 2 (6), 207-223.
Facione, P. A. (1990). Critical thinking: A statement of expert consensus for purposes of educational assessment and instruction “The Delphi Report” (Executive Summary), California Academic Press: Millbrae.
Fisher, R. (1995). Teaching children to think, Standley United Kingdom: Thornes Publishing.
Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E. (2006). How to design and evaluate research in education (6th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Gelen, İ. (1999). İlköğretim okulları 4.sınıf öğretmenlerinin sosyal bilgiler dersinde düşünme becerilerini kazandırma yeterliklerinin değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of primary school 4th grade teachers' ability to gain thinking skills in social studies lesson], Unpublished master thesis, Çukurova University, Adana.
Gürkaynak, İ., Üstel, F., Gülgöz, S. (2003). Eleştirel düşünme [Critical thinking], Education Reform Initiative, İstanbul: Sabancı University Publisihng.
Halpern, D. (1998), Teaching critical thinking for transfer across domains, dispositions, skills, structure training and metacognitive monitoring, American Psychologist, 1 (43), 449-455.
Kamber, T., Acun, İ., Akar, C. (2011). İlköğretim birinci kademe sosyal bilgiler öğretim programının uygulanabilirliği [Applicability of primary education first stage social studies curriculum], Uşak University Journal of Social Sciences, 4(2), 195-218.
Karasakaloğlu, N., Saracaloğlu, A. S., Yılmaz Özelçi, S. (2012). Türkçe öğretmeni adaylarının okuma stratejileri, eleştirel düşünme tutumları ve üstbilişsel yeterlilikleri [Reading strategies, critical thinking attitudes and metacognitive competencies of Turkish teacher candidates], Journal of Ahi Evran University Kırşehir Faculty of Education, 13(1), 207–221.
Kazancı, O. (1989), Eğitimde eleştirici düşünme ve öğretimi [Critical thinking in education and teaching], İstanbul: Kazancı Books.
Kökdemir, D. (2005), Üniversitede bir eleştirel düşünme yöntemi [A critical thinking method in college], Science Technical, 6(32), 4-15.
Kuş, Z., Türkyılmaz, M. (2010). Sosyal bilgiler ve Türkçe öğretmeni adaylarının okuma durumları: (İlgi, alışkanlık ve okuma stratejilerini kullanım düzeyleri) [Reading status of social studies and Turkish teacher candidates: (Level of use of interests, habits and reading strategies)], Turkish Librarian 24 (1), 11-32.
Larsson, K. (2017). Understanding and teaching critical thinking: A new approach, International Journal of Educational Research, 84 (1), 32-42.
Ministry of Education (MEB), (2007). İlköğretim düşünme eğitimi dersi öğretim programı [Elemantary thinking Education curriculum], Ankara: State Books Directorate.
Ministry of Education (MEB), (2010). Sosyal bilgiler dersi (4-5. sınıflar) öğretim programı [Social sciences curriculum]. MEB Publication: Ankara.
Ministry of Education (MEB), (2013). Ortaokul matematik (5, 6, 7 ve 8. sınıflar) dersi öğretim programı [Elemantary maths curriculum]. MEB Publication: Ankara.
Ministry of Education (MEB), (2015) Türkçe (1-8. sınıflar) öğretim programı [Turkish (grades 1-8) curriculum]. MEB Publication, Ankara.
Miles, M. B. ve Huberman, A. M. (1994). An expanded sourcebook qualitative data analysis. (Second Edition). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications.
Nold, H. (2017). Using critical thinking teaching methods to increase student success: An action research project, International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 29 (1), 17-32.
Özden, Y. (2003), Öğrenme ve öğretme [Learning and teaching], (5.Edition), Ankara: Pegem Academy Publishing
Özdoğan, B. (2000). Çocuk ve oyun [Child and game], Anı Publishing: Ankara.
Paul, R.W. & Elder L. (2001), Critical thinking: Tools for taking charge of your learning and your life, New Jersey: Upper saddle River.
Saban , A. (2000), Öğrenme ve öğretme süreci: Yeni teori ve yaklaşımlar [Learning and teaching process: New theory and approaches], Ankara: Nobel Publishing.
Seferoğlu, S., Akbıyık, C. (2006). Eleştirel düşünme ve öğretimi [Critical thinking and teaching], Hacettepe University Journal of Educational Faculty, 30 (1) 193-200.
Scheidler, K. P. (1994). Changing teacher thinking in school restructuring: A view from the trenches. Journal of Education, 176 (2), 45-56.
Şahinel, S.(2002), Eleştirel düşünme [Critical thinking], Baran Publication, Ankara
Şen, Ü. (2009). Türkçe öğretmeni adaylarının eleştirel düşünme tutumlarının çeşitli değişkenler açısından değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of Turkish teacher candidates' critical thinking attitudes in terms of various variables], Zeitschrift für die Welt der Türken (Journal of World of Turks), ZfWT 1 (2), 69-89.
Tümkaya, S., Aybek, B. (2008). Üniversite öğrencilerinin eleştirel düşünme eğilimlerinin sosyo-demografik özellikler açısından incelenmesi [Examination of university students' critical thinking dispositions in terms of socio-demographic characteristics], Çukurova University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 17(2), 387-402.
Türk Eğitim Sen (undate). OECD ülkeleri baz alındığında ilköğretimde derslik açığı 158 BİN 999[Based on OECD countries, the gap in primary education 158 THOUSAND 999], Report. Retrieved from https://turkegitimsen.org.tr/icerik_yazdir.php?Id=8909
Vural, R. A. Kutlu, O. (2004). Eleştirel düşünme: Ölçme araçlarının incelenmesi ve bir güvenirlik çalışması [Critical thinking: Examination of measurement tools and a reliability study]. Çukurova University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 13 (2). 12-24.
Wiersma, W. (1985) Research methods in education: An introduction, Third Edition, Revised Printing, Allyn and Bacon, Int.
Varış, F. (1996). Eğitimde program geliştirme, teoriler, teknikler [Program development, theories, techniques in education]. Ankara: Alkım Publishing.
Yıldırım, A. Ç. (2005). Türkçe ve Türk dili edebiyatı öğretmenlerinin eleştirel düşünme becerilerinin incelenmesi [Examination of Turkish and Turkish language literature teachers' critical thinking skills], unpublished master thesis, Zonguldak Kara Elmas University, Zonguldak.
Yıldırım, A., Şimşek, H. (2013) Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri [Qualitative research methods in the social sciences], (9.editon). Ankara: Seçkin Publication.
Alnesyan, A. (2012). Teaching and learning thinking skills in The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A case Studies from Seven Primary Schools. Unpublished PhD. Dissertation. Universty of Exeter, UK.
Alsalesh, N. J. (2020). Teaching critical thinking skills: Literature review, The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 19 (1). 21-39.
Baysal Z. N., Çarıkçı, S., & Yaşar, B. (2018). Analysis of academics’ views on teaching thinking skills. Inonu University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 19(2), 174-188. DOI: 10.17679/inuefd.339151
Burke, L. A. &Williams, J. M. (2008). Developing young thinkers: An intervention aimed to enhance children’s thinking skills. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 3(2), 104-124.
Caseres, M., Nussbaumi, M., Ortiz, J. (2020). Integrating critical thinking into the classroom: A teacher’s perspective, Thinking Skills and Creativity, 37(1), 1-12.
Cüceloğlu, D. (2008). İyi düşün doğru karar ver [Think well make the right decision], (50. Edit.), İstanbul: Sistem Publishing.
Çalışkan, M. (2019). Eleştirel Düşünmenin Öğretimi [Teaching critical thinking], Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 9(1), 114–134
Çengel, M. (2013). Sınıf ikliminin oluşması sürecinde örtük program: Meslek liseleri üzerine bir araştırma [Implicit program in the formation of classroom climate: A research on vocational high schools], Unpublished doctoral thesis, Adnan Menders University, Aydın.
Çetinkaya, Z. (2011). Türkçe öğretmen adaylarının eleştirel düşünmeye ilişkin görüşlerinin belirlenmesi [Determining the views of Turkish teacher candidates on critical thinking], Ahi Evran University Journal of Education Faculty, 12(3), 93-108.
Demir, M. K. (2006). İlköğretim dördüncü ve beşinci sınıf öğrencilerinin sosyal bilgiler derslerinde eleştirel düşünme düzeylerinin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi [Investigation of primary school fourth and fifth grade students' critical thinking levels in social studies lessons in terms of various variables]. Unpublished doctoral thesis. Gazi University, Ankara.
Demirel, Ö. (2011). Eğitimde program geliştirme: Kuramdan uygulamaya [Curriculum Development in Education: from Theory to Practice].16th edition. Ankara: Pegem Academy.
Doğanay A. (2001) Yaratıcı öğrenme [Creative learning], (Editor: Ali Şimşek) Sınıfta demokrasi [Democracy in class], Ankara: Eğitim-Sen Publishing.
Doğanay, A., Sarı, M. (2003), İlköğretim öğretmenlerinin sahip oldukları eğitim felsefelerine ilişkin algılarının değerlendirilmesi: Öğretmenlerin eğitim felsefeleri [Evaluation of primary school teachers 'perceptions of their educational philosophies: Teachers' educational philosophies], Turkish Educational Sciences Journal, 1 (3), 0-0.
Eğmir, E. & Ocak, G. (2017). The effect of curriculum design of critical thinking on students’ reflective thinking skills, Journal of Theoretical Educational Science, 11 (3), 431-456.
Ennis, R. (1989). Critical thinking and subject specificity: Clarification and needed research. Educational Researcher, 18(3), 4-10.
Ennis, R.(1985). Goals for critical thinking curriculum, Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont (ERIC no:16476)
Erçapan, C. (2009). Okuduğunu anlama stratejilerine genel bir bakış [An overview of reading comprehension strategies], International Journal of Social Studies 2 (6), 207-223.
Facione, P. A. (1990). Critical thinking: A statement of expert consensus for purposes of educational assessment and instruction “The Delphi Report” (Executive Summary), California Academic Press: Millbrae.
Fisher, R. (1995). Teaching children to think, Standley United Kingdom: Thornes Publishing.
Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E. (2006). How to design and evaluate research in education (6th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Gelen, İ. (1999). İlköğretim okulları 4.sınıf öğretmenlerinin sosyal bilgiler dersinde düşünme becerilerini kazandırma yeterliklerinin değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of primary school 4th grade teachers' ability to gain thinking skills in social studies lesson], Unpublished master thesis, Çukurova University, Adana.
Gürkaynak, İ., Üstel, F., Gülgöz, S. (2003). Eleştirel düşünme [Critical thinking], Education Reform Initiative, İstanbul: Sabancı University Publisihng.
Halpern, D. (1998), Teaching critical thinking for transfer across domains, dispositions, skills, structure training and metacognitive monitoring, American Psychologist, 1 (43), 449-455.
Kamber, T., Acun, İ., Akar, C. (2011). İlköğretim birinci kademe sosyal bilgiler öğretim programının uygulanabilirliği [Applicability of primary education first stage social studies curriculum], Uşak University Journal of Social Sciences, 4(2), 195-218.
Karasakaloğlu, N., Saracaloğlu, A. S., Yılmaz Özelçi, S. (2012). Türkçe öğretmeni adaylarının okuma stratejileri, eleştirel düşünme tutumları ve üstbilişsel yeterlilikleri [Reading strategies, critical thinking attitudes and metacognitive competencies of Turkish teacher candidates], Journal of Ahi Evran University Kırşehir Faculty of Education, 13(1), 207–221.
Kazancı, O. (1989), Eğitimde eleştirici düşünme ve öğretimi [Critical thinking in education and teaching], İstanbul: Kazancı Books.
Kökdemir, D. (2005), Üniversitede bir eleştirel düşünme yöntemi [A critical thinking method in college], Science Technical, 6(32), 4-15.
Kuş, Z., Türkyılmaz, M. (2010). Sosyal bilgiler ve Türkçe öğretmeni adaylarının okuma durumları: (İlgi, alışkanlık ve okuma stratejilerini kullanım düzeyleri) [Reading status of social studies and Turkish teacher candidates: (Level of use of interests, habits and reading strategies)], Turkish Librarian 24 (1), 11-32.
Larsson, K. (2017). Understanding and teaching critical thinking: A new approach, International Journal of Educational Research, 84 (1), 32-42.
Ministry of Education (MEB), (2007). İlköğretim düşünme eğitimi dersi öğretim programı [Elemantary thinking Education curriculum], Ankara: State Books Directorate.
Ministry of Education (MEB), (2010). Sosyal bilgiler dersi (4-5. sınıflar) öğretim programı [Social sciences curriculum]. MEB Publication: Ankara.
Ministry of Education (MEB), (2013). Ortaokul matematik (5, 6, 7 ve 8. sınıflar) dersi öğretim programı [Elemantary maths curriculum]. MEB Publication: Ankara.
Ministry of Education (MEB), (2015) Türkçe (1-8. sınıflar) öğretim programı [Turkish (grades 1-8) curriculum]. MEB Publication, Ankara.
Miles, M. B. ve Huberman, A. M. (1994). An expanded sourcebook qualitative data analysis. (Second Edition). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications.
Nold, H. (2017). Using critical thinking teaching methods to increase student success: An action research project, International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 29 (1), 17-32.
Özden, Y. (2003), Öğrenme ve öğretme [Learning and teaching], (5.Edition), Ankara: Pegem Academy Publishing
Özdoğan, B. (2000). Çocuk ve oyun [Child and game], Anı Publishing: Ankara.
Paul, R.W. & Elder L. (2001), Critical thinking: Tools for taking charge of your learning and your life, New Jersey: Upper saddle River.
Saban , A. (2000), Öğrenme ve öğretme süreci: Yeni teori ve yaklaşımlar [Learning and teaching process: New theory and approaches], Ankara: Nobel Publishing.
Seferoğlu, S., Akbıyık, C. (2006). Eleştirel düşünme ve öğretimi [Critical thinking and teaching], Hacettepe University Journal of Educational Faculty, 30 (1) 193-200.
Scheidler, K. P. (1994). Changing teacher thinking in school restructuring: A view from the trenches. Journal of Education, 176 (2), 45-56.
Şahinel, S.(2002), Eleştirel düşünme [Critical thinking], Baran Publication, Ankara
Şen, Ü. (2009). Türkçe öğretmeni adaylarının eleştirel düşünme tutumlarının çeşitli değişkenler açısından değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of Turkish teacher candidates' critical thinking attitudes in terms of various variables], Zeitschrift für die Welt der Türken (Journal of World of Turks), ZfWT 1 (2), 69-89.
Tümkaya, S., Aybek, B. (2008). Üniversite öğrencilerinin eleştirel düşünme eğilimlerinin sosyo-demografik özellikler açısından incelenmesi [Examination of university students' critical thinking dispositions in terms of socio-demographic characteristics], Çukurova University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 17(2), 387-402.
Türk Eğitim Sen (undate). OECD ülkeleri baz alındığında ilköğretimde derslik açığı 158 BİN 999[Based on OECD countries, the gap in primary education 158 THOUSAND 999], Report. Retrieved from https://turkegitimsen.org.tr/icerik_yazdir.php?Id=8909
Vural, R. A. Kutlu, O. (2004). Eleştirel düşünme: Ölçme araçlarının incelenmesi ve bir güvenirlik çalışması [Critical thinking: Examination of measurement tools and a reliability study]. Çukurova University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 13 (2). 12-24.
Wiersma, W. (1985) Research methods in education: An introduction, Third Edition, Revised Printing, Allyn and Bacon, Int.
Varış, F. (1996). Eğitimde program geliştirme, teoriler, teknikler [Program development, theories, techniques in education]. Ankara: Alkım Publishing.
Yıldırım, A. Ç. (2005). Türkçe ve Türk dili edebiyatı öğretmenlerinin eleştirel düşünme becerilerinin incelenmesi [Examination of Turkish and Turkish language literature teachers' critical thinking skills], unpublished master thesis, Zonguldak Kara Elmas University, Zonguldak.
Yıldırım, A., Şimşek, H. (2013) Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri [Qualitative research methods in the social sciences], (9.editon). Ankara: Seçkin Publication.
Published
2023-09-14
How to Cite
Yılmaz Özelçi S. (2023). Primary School Teachers’ Views on Teaching Critical Thinking. Journal of Elementary Education, 16(3), 239-258. https://doi.org/10.18690/rei.16.3.1123
Section
Scientific Articles
Copyright (c) 2023 Serap Yılmaz Özelçi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.