The Ethics of Climate Change, Climate Policy and Climate Justice
Keywords:
climate ethics, causal responsibility, moral responsibility, historical responsibility, legal responsibility, climate justice, sustainable development, polluter pays principle, loss and damage, environmental human rights-based climate litigation
Abstract
The fossil fuel industry is the driving force behind our current carbon-centric socioeconomic systems. The industry has imposed fossil fuel-dependent business models and behaviours on the global socioeconomic system. The actions and plans of the industry are far from being aligned with the 1.5°C target set by the Paris Agreement. Moreover, they remain overlooked in the global climate discourse and negotiations. This paper builds its arguments starting from a moral issue: climate change is an ethical failure, and the industry has had a unique role in causing, shaping, advancing, and defending the current unsustainable fossil fuel-dependent global economy, and thus bears responsibility and has duties of reparation to limit consequent harm. This paper examines the various moral principles of rectifying the unjust situation created by the actions that produced climate change. Although the Paris Agreement assigns responsibilities to states, climate lawsuits against fossil fuel companies are also on the rise. This paper helps link legal frameworks and the relationship between climate justice, sustainable development, and environmental human rights to make radical, systemic changes to ensure a sustainable future.
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References
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Caney, S. (2010 a) “Climate Change, Human Rights and Moral Thresholds.” In Climate Ethics: Essential Readings, by Stephen M Gardiner, Simon Caney, Dale Jamieson and Henry Shue (Oxford: OUP).
Caney, S. (2010 b) ‘Climate Change, Human Rights and Moral Thresholds’. In Human Rights and Climate Change, ed. Stephen Humphreys (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
Carrington, D. (2023) Vast fossil fuel and farming subsidies causing 'environmental havoc'. 15 June 2023. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jun/15/vast-fossil-fuel-and-farming-subsidies-causing-environmental-havoc-world-bank (accessed: August 29, 2023).
Chomsky, A. (2022) Is Science Enough? Forty Critical Questions About Climate Change (Boston: Beacon Press).
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Crawford, J. (2019) Brownlie's Principles of Public International Law. 9th edition (Oxford: OUP).
Crossley, N. (2022) Understanding Humanitarian Protection (Oxford: Routledge).
De Burca, G. (2021) Reframing Human Rights in a Turbulent Era (Oxford: OUP).
Dessler, A. E. and Parson, E.A. (2020) The Science and Politics of Global Climate Change: A Guide to the Debate (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
Drenon B. (2023) “Maui fires: More than 1,000 still missing as search continues,” BBC News, August 23, 2023, Maui fires: More than 1,000 still missing as search continues - BBC News (accessed on August 30, 2023).
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Fisher, E., Lange, B. and Scotford, E. (2019). Environmental Law: Text, Cases, and Materials (Oxford: OUP).
Gaeta, P., E Vinuales, J. and Salvatore Z. (2020) Cassese's International Law (Oxford: OUP).
Gardiner, S. (2011) A Perfect Moral Strom: The Ethical Tragedy of Climate Change (Oxford: OUP).
Gonzalez, Carmen G. (2021) “Racial Capitalism and the Anthropocene.” In The Cambridge Handbook of Environmental Justice and Sustainable Development, by Sumudu A Atapattu, Carmen G Gonzalez and Sara L Seck, 72-85 (Cambridge: CUP).
Grasso, M. (2022) From Big Oil to Big Green: Holdig the Oil Industry to Account for the Climate Crisis (Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT).
Guardian Editorial (2023) “The Guardian view on planetary boundaries: the Earth has limits and governments must act on them,” The Guardian, September 23, 2023, The Guardian view on planetary boundaries: the Earth has limits and governments must act on them | Editorial | The Guardian (accessed on August 30, 2023).
Heede, R. and Grasso, M. (2023) “Time to Pay the Piper: Fossil Fuel Companies' reparations for climate damages.” One Earth (Cell Press) 6, no. 5.
Henriksen, A. (2023) International Law. 4th ed (Oxford: OUP).
Hey, E. (2016) Advanced Introduction to International Environmental Law (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar).
Hausfather, Z. (2021) “Analysis: What the new IPCC report says about when world may pass 1.5C and 2C,” CarbonBrief, August 10, 2021, Analysis: What the new IPCC report says about when world may pass 1.5C and 2C - Carbon Brief (accessed on August 20, 2023).
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Johnston, I. (2023) “Slovenia appeals for support after devastating flooding,” Financial Times, August 6, 2023, Slovenia asks for support from EU and Nato after devastating floods | Financial Times (accessed on August 30, 2023).
Kalin, W. (2023) Internal Displacement and the Law (Oxford: OUP).
Kerns, Thomas A. (2022) Youth Climate Courts: How You Can Host a Human Rights Trial for People and Planet (Oxford: Routledge).
Knox, John H. (2020) “The Pais Agreement as a Human Rights Treaty.” In Human Rights and 21st Century Challenges: Poverty, Conflict, and the Environment, by Dapo Akande, Jaakko Kuosmanen, Helen McDermott and Dominic Roser, 323-34 (Oxford: OUP).
Knox, John H. and Pejan, R. (2018). The Human Right to a Healthy Environment (Cambridge: CUP).
Kotze, Louis J. (2021) “Human Rights and Socioecological Justice through a Vulnerability Lens.” In The Cambridge Handbook of Environmental Justice and Sustainable Development, by Sumudu A Atapattu, Carmen G Gonzalez and Sara L Leck, 86-100 (Cambridge: CUP).
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Lukiv, J. and Walsh, A. (2023) “Canada wildfires: At least 30,000 households in British Columbia told to evacuate,” BBC News, August 20, 2023, Canada wildfires: At least 30,000 households in British Columbia told to evacuate - BBC News.
Mayer, B. (2021) “Milieudefensie v Shell: Do oil corporations hold a duty to mitigate climate change?” The European Journal of International Law, June 3, 2021, Milieudefensie v Shell: Do oil corporations hold a duty to mitigate climate change? – EJIL: Talk! (ejiltalk.org) (accessed November 11, 2023).
McKinnon, C. (2022) Climate Change and Political Theory (Cambridge: Polity).
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Morrow, D. (2020) Values in Climate Policy (London: Rowman & Littlefield).
Nicholas, K. (2021) Under the Sky We Make: How to Be Human in a Warming World (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons).
Nilsen, E. (2023) “World isn’t moving fast enough to cut pollution and keep warming below 2 degrees Celsius, UN scorecard says,” CNN, September 8, 2023, World isn't moving fast enough to cut pollution and keep warming below 2 degrees Celsius, UN scorecard says | CNN (accessed on August 20, 2023)
Nyberg, D., Wright, C. and Bowden, V. (2023) Organising Responses to Climate Change: The Politics of Mitigation, Adaptation and Suffering (Cambridge: CUP).
Parsons, L. (2023) Carbon Colonialism: How rich countries export climate breakdown (Manchester: Manchester University Press).
Rose, C. et al. (2022) An Introduction to Public International Law (Cambridge: CUP).
Rose, C., Blokker, N., Dam-de Jong, D., Van den Driest, S., Heinsch, R. and Koppe, E. (2022) An Introduction to Public International Law (Cambridge: CUP).
Sands, P., Peel, J., Fabra, A. and MacKenzie, R. (2018) Principles of International Environmental Law. 4th edition (Cambridge: CUP).
Shue, H. (2021) The Pivotal Generation: Why We Have a Moral Responsibility to Slow Climate Change Right Now (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press).
Sritharan, Elijah S. (2023) “Climate Change-Related Displacement and the Determination of Refugee Status under the 1951 Refugee Convention.” LeXonomica 15, no. 1., 1-32.
Stillman, D. (2023) The Washington Post. 15 Aug 2023. https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2023/08/15/july-hottest-month-worldwide-heat/ (accessed: Aug 26, 2023).
Thompson, Paul B. and E Norris, P. (2021) Sustainability: what everyone needs to know (Oxford: OUP).
Thornton, F. (2018). Climate Change and People on the Move: International Law and Justice (Oxford: OUP).
United Nations Climate Change (UNFCCC) News (2022) Climate Plans Remain Insufficient: More Ambitious Action Needed Now. 28 October 2022. https://unfccc.int/news/climate-plans-remain-insufficient-more-ambitious-action-needed-now#:~:text=The%20UN%27s%20Intergovernmental%20Panel%20on,be%20cut%2043%25%20by%202030. (accessed: August 28, 2023).
United Nations Environment Programme (2022) “Emissions Gap Report 2022: The Closing Window - Climate crisis calls for rapid transformation of societies.” (Nairobi).
Vanderheiden, S. (2008) Atmospheric Justice: A Political Theory of Climate Change (New York: Oxford University Press).
Woods, K. (2020) “The State of Play and the Road Ahead: The Environment and Human rights.” In Human Rights and 21st Century Challenges, by Dapo Akande, Jaakko Kuosmanen, Helen McDermott and Dominic Roser, 297-304 (Oxford: OUP).
Worland, J. (2022) “The Selfish Case for Climate Justice,” TIME, Nov. 7/Nov. 14, 2022, 42-46.
World Health Organisation. (2022) “Household air pollution: Key facts,” November 28, 2022, Household air pollution (who.int) (accessed on August 25, 2023).
Published
2023-12-06
How to Cite
Sritharan E. S. (2023). The Ethics of Climate Change, Climate Policy and Climate Justice. LeXonomica, 15(2), 147-188. https://doi.org/10.18690/lexonomica.15.2.147-188.2023
Section
Articles