Incompatibility of Slovenian Regulations in the Field of Water Management with European Regulations and Resulting Damage
Abstract
The issue of water management in Slovenia is regulated by several laws and by-laws. The right to drinking water is enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia. Individual by-laws in the field of water management are not coordinated with higher-level laws, the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia, nor with EU regulations (directives, regulations). There are no relevant provisions in laws and by-laws that would enforce the right to drinking water enshrined in the Constitution. A major problem exists in the field of wastewater disposal and treatment, water protection, flood safety, etc. An even bigger problem, such as inconsistencies in regulations, is their poor implementation. This leads to excessive pollution and great material damage as well.
Povzetek. Upravljanje z vodami v Sloveniji ureja več zakonov in podzakonskih aktov. Pravica do pitne vode je zapisana v Ustavi Republike Slovenije. Posamezni podzakonski akti s področja upravljanja z vodami niso usklajeni z zakoni višje stopnje, z Ustavo Republike Slovenije, niti s predpisi EU (direktive, uredbe). V zakonih in podzakonskih aktih ni ustreznih določb, ki bi uveljavljale pravico do pitne vode, zapisano v ustavi. Velik problem obstaja na področju odvajanja in čiščenja odpadnih voda, varstva voda, poplavne varnosti itd. Še večji problem, kot so nedoslednosti v predpisih, je njihovo slabo izvajanje. To povzroča prekomerno onesnaževanje in tudi veliko materialno škodo.
Downloads
References
ARSO (2021) Dostop do pitne vode [ZD05]. Retrieved from http://kazalci.arso.gov.si/sl/content/dostop-do-pitne-vode-1, 12.5.2021.
Austrian Standards (2009) ÖNORM B 2505:2009 03 01, Kläranlagen - Intermittierend beschickte Bodenfilter ("Pflanzenkläranlagen") - Anwendung, Bemessung, Bau, Betrieb, Wartung und Überprüfung. https://www.bdb.at/Service/NormenDetail?id=325945
Butinar, Ž. et al. (2020) Ugotavljanje in sanacija okoljske škode po pravilih nacionalnega, evropskega in mednarodnega prava, ed. Leonardo Rok Lampret et al. (Ljubljana: Univerza v Ljubljani, Pravna fakulteta).
Drev, D., Panjan, J. (2009) Raziskava skladnosti rezultatov obratovalnih monitoringov odpadnih voda iz industrije z inženirskimi normativi, Gradbeni vestnik, 9, pp. 229-235.
Drev, D., Panjan, J. (2012) Raziskava vpliva iztokov iz komunalnih čistilnih naprav na kakovost površinskih voda, Gradbeni vestnik, 61, pp. 103-108.
Drev, D., Panjan, J. (2013) Problematika neustrezne kakovosti pitne vode na kraškem območju in možne rešitve, Gradbeni vestnik, 62, pp. 118-123.
DWA (2017) Arbeitsblatt DWA-A 262 - Grundsätze für Bemessung, Bau und Betrieb von Kläranlagen mit bepflanzten und unbepflanzten Filtern zur Reinigung häuslichen und kommunalen Abwassers (November 2017).
EC (2020), https://ec.europa.eu/environment/action-programme/results.htm
EU OJ (1991) Council Directive of 21st May 1991 Concerning Urban Wastewater Treatment (91/271/EEC), Official Journal of the European Communities, No. L 135/40, 30.5.1991.
EU OJ (1991) Council Directive of 12th December 1991 Concerning the Protection of Waters Against Pollution Caused by Nitrates from Agricultural Sources (91/676/EEC), Official Journal of the European Communities, No. L 375/1, 31.12.1991.
EU OJ (1992) Council 92/43/EEC of 21st May 1992 on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora, Official Journal of the European Communities, No. L 206/7, 22.7.1992.
EU OJ (1998) Commission Directive 98/15/EC of 27th February 1998 Amending Council Directive 91/271/EEC with Respect to Certain Requirements Established in Annex I Thereof, No. L 67/29, 7.3.1998.
EU OJ (1998) Council Directive 98/83/EC of 3rd November 1998 on the Quality of Water Intended for Human Consumption, No. L 330/32, 5.12.1998.
EU OJ (2000) Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23rd October 2000 Establishing a Framework for Community Action in the Field of Water Policy, No. L 327/1, 22.12.2000.
EU OJ (2004) Directive 2004/35/CE of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21st April 2004 on Environmental Liability with Regard to the Prevention and Remedying of Environmental Damage, No. L 143/56, 30.4.2004.
EU OJ (2006) Directive 2007/7/CE of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15th February 2006 Concerning the Management of Bathing Water Quality and Repealing Directive 76/160/EEC, No. L 64/37, 4.3.2006.
EU OJ (2008) Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19th November 2008 on Waste and Repealing Certain Directives, No. L 312/3, 22.11.2008.
EU OJ (2015) Commission Directive (EU) 2015/1787/EU of 6th October 2015 Amending Annexes II and III to Council Directive 98/83/EC on the Quality of Water Intended for Human Consumption, No. L 260/6, 7.10.2015.
RS Statistični urad (2020), Water Supplied to Households from Public Water Supply, Retrieved from https://pxweb.stat.si/SiStatDb/pxweb/sl/30_Okolje/30_Okolje__27_okolje__03_27193_voda__01_27501_javni_vodovod/2750107S.px/table/tableViewLayout2/ (obtained 10.6.2019).
Jazbec, E. (2020) Transfer of Private Water Supply Systems to Public Management, Master thesis, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?id=125831&lang=slv.
Nesiba, J.; Cuhlova, R. (2021) Analysis of Legislative Acts in Water Management, Global J. Environ. Sci. Manage., 7(4), p. 1-12.
RS, GURS (2013) Zbirni kataster gospodarske javne infrastrukture (ZKGJI), Retrieved from https://www.e-prostor.gov.si/zbirke-prostorskih-podatkov/zbirni-kataster-gospodarske-javne-infrastrukture/.
RS, MOP (2006) Operativni program oskrbe s pitno vodo, Retrieved from https://skupnostobcin.si/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/op_oskrba_pitna_voda_2015_2020.pdf.
RS, MOP (2014) Informacijski sistem javnih služb varstva okolja (IJSVO), Retrieved from https://www.gov.si/assets/ministrstva/MOP/Dokumenti/Voda/IJSVO/porocanje_ijsvo_cene.pdf.
RS, MOP (2015) Operativni program oskrbe s pitno vodo za obdobje od 2015 do 2020, Retrieved from
https://skupnostobcin.si/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/op_oskrba_pitna_voda_2015_2020.pdf.
RS OJ (1991) Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia, Official Journal of the Republic of Slovenia, No. 33/91-I, 42/97 - UZS68, 66/00 - UZ80, 24/03 - UZ3a, 47, 68, 69/04 - UZ14, 69/04 - UZ43, 69/04 - UZ50, 68/06 - UZ121,140,143, 47/13 - UZ148, 47/13 - UZ90,97,99 and 75/16 - UZ70a.
RS OJ (2002) Water Act, Official Journal of the RS, No. 67/02, 2/04 - ZZdrI-A, 41/04 - ZVO-1, 57/08, 57/12, 100/13, 40/14 and 56/15.
RS OJ (2004) Rules for the Implementation of Good Agricultural Practice in Fertilisation, Official Journal of the RS, No. 130/04.
RS OJ (2006) Environmental Protection Act, Official Journal of the Republic of Slovenia, No. 39/06, 49/06 - ZMetD, 66/06 - ordl. US, 33/07 - ZPNačrt, 57/08 - ZFO-1A, 70/08, 108/09, 108/09 - ZPNačrt-A, 48/12, 57/12, 92/13, 56/15, 102/15, 30/16, 61/17 - GZ, 21/18 - ZNOrg and 84/18 - ZIURKOE.
RS OJ (2007) Law on Courts, Official Journal of the Republic of Slovenia, No. 94/07, 45/08, 96/09, 86/10 -ZJNepS, 33/11, 75/12 -ZSPDSLS-A, 63/13, 17/15, 23/17-ZSSve, 22/18 -ZSICT and 16/19-ZNP-1.
RS OJ (2009a) Rules on More Detailed Criteria for Determining Environmental Damage, Official Journal of the RS, No. 46/09.
RS OJ (2009b) Regulation on the Protection of Water Against Pollution by Nitrates from Agricultural Sources. Official Journal of the RS, No. 113/09, 5/13 and 12/17.
RS OJ (2009c) Regulation on the Types of Measures for the Remediation of Damage, Official Journal of the RS, No. 55/09.
RS OJ (2017) Construction Act, Official Journal of the RS, No. 61/17, 72/17 - corrected, 65/20 and 15/21 - ZDUOP.
RS OJ (2018) Rules on Court Experts, Court Valuators and Court Interpreters, Official Journal of the RS, No. 84/18.
RS OJ (2000) Act on the Health Status of Foodstuffs and Products and Substances in Contact with Foodstuffs, Official Journal of the RS, No. 52/00, 42/02 and 47/04 - ZdZPZ.
RS OJ (2004) Drinking Water Regulations, Official Journal of the Republic of Slovenia, 19/04, 35/04, 26/06, 92/06, 25/09, 74/15 and 51/17.
RS OJ (2007) Regulation on the Emission of Substances from the Discharge of Wastewater from Small Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants, Official Journal of the RS, No. 98/07, 30/10 and 98/15.
RS OJ (2007) Regulation on the Emission of Substances in the Discharge of Wastewater from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants, Official Journal of the Republic of Slovenia, No. 45/07, 63/09, 105/10 and 98/15.
RS OJ (2007) Regulation on the Emission of Substances and Heat from the Discharge of Wastewater from Iron and Steel Concentrating and Processing Plants, Official Journal of the RS, No. 45/2007.
RS OJ (2012) Regulation on the Emission of Substances and Heat from the Discharge of Wastewater into Water and Public Sewers, Official Journal of the RS, No. 64/12, 64/14 and 98/15.
RS OJ (2014) Regulation on the First Measurement and Operational Monitoring of Wastewater, Official Journal of the RS, No. 94/14 and 98/15.
RS OJ (2011) Regulation on the Water Management Plan for the Danube and Adriatic Sea Water Areas, Official Journal of the Republic of Slovenia, No. 61/11, 49/12 and 67/16.
RS SURS (2019) Vodovodno omrežje, priključki na vodovod, kohezijske in statistične regije, Slovenija, https://pxweb.stat.si/SiStatData/pxweb/sl/Data/-/2750107S.PX/table/tableViewLayout2/.
Vlada Republike Slovenije (2015) Operativni program oskrbe s pitno vodo za obdobje od 2015 do 2020, https://skupnostobcin.si/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/op_oskrba_pitna_voda_2015_2020.pdf.
Zagorc, K. (2015) Research of Applying the HACCP Principles to the Water Supply Systems in Slovenia, Graduation thesis, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?id=86140&lang=slv.
