The Albanian Enforcement System
Abstract
This article presents an overview of the Albanian legal system of enforcement in the civil and commercial area. Its purpose is not only to identify the enforcement system in Albania and the characteristics of each enforcement title but also to compare it with that of the Brussels IA Regulation. The article concludes that the Albanian enforcement system is built on the spirit of the European system and is very similar to several European countries. However, the range of foreign enforcement titles that can be recognized and enforced in Albania is narrower than that provided in the European Union countries. Therefore, it should be expanded to include, in addition to irreversible judgments, other European enforcement acts, such as European Payment Order, Settlement Agreements, Authentic instruments, etc.
Povzetek. V tem članku je predstavljen pregled albanskega pravnega sistema izvršbe na civilnem in gospodarskem področju. Njegov namen ni le opredeliti sistem izvršbe v Albaniji in značilnosti posameznih izvršilnih naslovov, temveč ga tudi primerjati s sistemom iz Uredbe Bruselj Ia. Avtor ugotavlja, da je albanski sistem izvršbe zgrajen v duhu evropskega sistema in je zelo podoben več evropskim državam. Vendar je nabor tujih izvršilnih naslovov, ki se lahko priznajo in izvršijo v Albaniji, ožji kot v državah Evropske unije. Zato bi ga bilo treba razširiti tako, da bi poleg pravnomočnih sodnih odločb vključeval tudi druge evropske izvršilne naslove, kot so evropski plačilni nalog, sporazumi o poravnavi, verodostojne listine itd.
Downloads
References
Albanian Code of Criminal Procedure.
Law No. 10 385, “For mediation on solving the disputes,” amended lately by Law No. 26/2018, dated 24.2.2011.
Bilateral agreement between the Republic of Albania and the Republic of Bulgaria on Mutual Legal Assistance in Civil Matters ratified by Law No. 9348, dated 24.02.2005.
Agreement between the Government of Albania and the Government of North Macedonia on Legal Assistance in the field of Civil and Criminal Matters, signed on 15.01.1998.
Convention on Mutual Assistance in Civil, Commercial and Criminal Matters between the Republic of Albania and the Republic of Turkey, signed on 15.03.1995.
Protocol on the Exchange of Instruments of Ratification of the Convention on Mutual Assistance in Civil, Commercial and Criminal Matters between the Republic of Albania and the Republic of Turkey, signed and in force on 20.02.1998.
Convention between the Republic of Albania and the Republic of Greece on Judicial Assistance in Civil and Criminal Matters, signed on 17.5.1993.
Agreement between and The Russian Federation “On Legal Aid in Civil, Criminal and Family Matters” ratified by law No. 8061, dated 08.02.1996, FZ No. 2/1996, p. 35.
Agreement between Albania and Romania “On Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal and Family Civil Matters” Decree No. 3250, dated 17.04.1961, GZ No. 6/1962, p. 125.
Agreement between Albania and Hungary “On Mutual Legal Assistance in Civil, Criminal and Family Matters” Decree No. 3119, dated 06.06.1960, GZ No. 3/1961, p. 75.
Regulation (EU) No. 1215/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12th December 2012 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters, OJ L 351, 20.12.2012.
Feichtinger J., Lehner K. (2006) Comparative Study of ‘Residual Jurisdiction’ in Civil and Commercial Disputes in the EU (National Reporter: Vienna). Retrieved from
http://ec.europa.eu/civiljustice/news/docs/study_resid_jurisd_austria_en.pdf
Kola Tafaj F., Vokshi A. (2018) Procedure Civile, Pjesa II (Tirana: Albas).
Sural Efecinar C. (2019) The benefit of Albania by Multilateralism of Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters (“Judgments Convention”). Proceedings of the 16th Annual Regional PIL Conference on Matrimonial and Registered Partnership Property Regimes in EU Private International Law/ HCCH Judgments Convention (pp. 35-58) (Tirana: Onufri).
Magnus U., Mankowski P. (2016) European Commentaries on Private International Law, Commentary. Vo1.1 (Cologne: Selp, Verlag dr. Otto Schmidt KG).
Stone P. (2018) Stone on Private International Law in the European Union, Fourth Edition (Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited).
Study Report on the Legal Framework for the Enforcement of Commercial Creditors’ Claims in Selected European Bank for Reconstruction and Development Countries of Operations (Albania, Croatia, Cyprus, Greece And Ukraine). (2019, March). Retrieved from https://www.ebrd.com/documents/ogc/enforcement-study-report.pdfgulfnews.com
Judgment of the Constitutional Court No. 71/17.
Judgment of the Constitutional Court No. 14/17.
Judgment of the Constitutional Court No. 41/16.
Judgment of the Constitutional Court No. 87/16.
Judgment of the Constitutional Court No. 62/15.
Judgment of the Constitutional Court No. 44/14.
Judgment of the Constitutional Court No. 36/13.
Judgment of the Constitutional Court No. 36/10.
Judgment of the Constitutional Court No. 21/10.
Judgment of the Constitutional Court No. 24/08.
Judgment of the Constitutional Court No. 6/2003.
Unifying Judgment of the Albanian High Court, No. 2, dated 03.11.2014.
Unifying Judgment of the Albanian High Court No. 980, dated 29.09.2000.
Judgment of the Civil Chamber of the High Court No. 169, dated 05.03.2013.
Judgment of the Appellate Court of Tirana No. 40, dated 23.02.2017.
Judgment of the Appellate Court of Tirana No. 32/1010, dated 01.03.2012.
Judgment of District Court of Tirana No. 7, dated 28.01.2019.
ECtHR 25th September 2012, Case No. 58555/10, Rrapo v Albania.
ECtHR 29 September 2009, Case No. 32907/07, Gjyli v Albania.
ECtHR 24 June 2014, Case No.1542/13, Becaj v Albania.
Case C-456/11, Gothaer Allgemeine Versicherung and others, ECLI:EU:C:2012:719.
