Variety of Systems as the Condition of Possibility of Metaphor

Abstract

The article puts out the forms, in which metaphor appears, and these forms are equal to the forms of literally sentences. For each of the four forms, in which occurs apparently the same form “S is P”, I define, in what ways are they metaphorical. I demonstrate, that so called scientific metaphors refer to the essential properties of the entities, and so called poetical metaphors refer to the accidental properties of the entities. The condition of possibility of any metaphoric meaning is a variety of syntactic-semantically system, in which appears “names” of these entities. In each of these systems sentences have literally meanings. With rising of the completely new system (which can also be a combination of the existent systems) we get metaphorical meanings, which are - regarding the fixed systems - only relative metaphorical, and they have in this new syntactic-semantically system literally meaning.