Youth Entrepreneurship Among Higher Education Students – A Qualitative Research of Entrepreneurial Intention and Education

  • Pedro Mendonça
  • Vítor Braga
  • Marisa R. Ferreira
  • Alexandra Braga
  • Amélia Carvalho

Abstract

The area of entrepreneurship education is developing rapidly, potentially conveying positive effects to business education, innovation and economies. Our paper seeks to analyse the entrepreneurial intention of a group of higher education students, and the data includes 29 interviews, administered to students of Portuguese higher education institutions. The results obtained allowed to confirm some of the aspects described in the literature, although a few divergences were also found. It was also possible to clarify some of the theories associated with barriers to entrepreneurship. The main limitations are related with the sample size, opening space for future research with larger samples. The most important implications relate to the identified need for very specific topics in entrepreneurship education. However, the key contribution of the paper also lies in its qualitative research approach.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Pedro Mendonça

Master Student at ESTG, Politécnico do Porto, Portugal
E-mail: 8170512@estg.ipp.pt

Vítor Braga

Center for Innovation and Research in Business Sciences and Information Systems (CIICESI), ESTG, Politécnico do Porto, Portugal
E-mail: vbraga@estg.ipp.pt

Marisa R. Ferreira

Center for Innovation and Research in Business Sciences and Information Systems (CIICESI), ESTG, Politécnico do Porto, Portugal
E-mail: mferreira@estg.ipp.pt

Alexandra Braga

Center for Innovation and Research in Business Sciences and Information Systems (CIICESI), ESTG, Politécnico do Porto, Portugal
E-mail: abraga@estg.ipp.pt

Amélia Carvalho

Center for Innovation and Research in Business Sciences and Information Systems (CIICESI), ESTG, Politécnico do Porto, Portugal
E-mail: acarvalho@estg.ipp.pt

References

Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T

Ajzen, I. (2011). The theory of planned behaviour: Reactions and reflections. Psychology and Health, 26, 1113–1127. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2011.613995

Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M. (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour: A meta-analytic review. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40(4), 471–499. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1348/014466601164939

Bae, T. J., Qian, S., Miao, C., & Fiet, J. O. (2014). The Relationship Between Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Intentions: A Meta-Analytic Review. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 38(2), 217–254. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12095

Baggen, Y., Lans, T., & Gulikers, J. (2022). Making Entrepreneurship Education Available to All: Design Principles for Educational Programs Stimulating an Entrepreneurial Mindset. Entrepreneurship Education and Pedagogy, 5(3), 347–374. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2515127420988517

Banha, F., Coelho, L. S., & Flores, A. (2022). Entrepreneurship Education: A Systematic Literature Review and Identification of an Existing Gap in the Field. Education Sciences, 12(5), 1–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12050336

Bird, B. (1988). Implementing Entrepreneurial Ideas: The Case for Intention. The Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 442. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/258091

Boubker, O., Naoui, K., Ouajdouni, A., & Arroud, M. (2022). The effect of action-based entrepreneurship education on intention to become an entrepreneur. MethodsX, 9(10165), 1–11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2022.101657

Breznitz, S. M., & Zhang, Q. (2022). Entrepreneurship education and firm creation. Regional Studies, 56(6), 940–955. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2021.1878127

Carpenter, A., & Wilson, R. (2022). A systematic review looking at the effect of entrepreneurship education on higher education student. International Journal of Management Education, 20(2), 100541. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100541

Conner, M., Godin, G., Sheeran, P., & Germain, M. (2013). Some feelings are more important: Cognitive attitudes, Affective attitudes, Anticipated affect, And blood donation. Health Psychology, 32(3), 264–272. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028500

Crant, J. M. (1996). The proactive personality scale as a predictor of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Small Business Management, 34(3), 42–49.

Drucker, P. (1985). Innovation and Entrepreneurship. New York: Harper & Row.

Fayolle, A., & Liñán, F. (2014). The future of research on entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Research, 67(5), 663–666. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.11.024

Filion, L. J. (1994). Ten steps to entrepreneurial teaching. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 11(3), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.1994.10600466

Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behaviour: An introduction to theory and research (Vol. 27). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley

Gartner, W., Shaver, K., Gatewood, E., & Katz, J. (1994). Finding the Entrepreneur in Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18, 5–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879201700110

Guerrero, M., Rialp, J., & Urbano, D. (2008). The impact of desirability and feasibility on entrepreneurial intentions: A structural equation model. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 4(1), 35–50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-006-0032-x

Iakovleva, T., & Kolvereid, L. (2009). An integrated model of entrepreneurial intentions. In Int. J. Business and Globalisation, 3(1), 66-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBG.2009.021632

Johanson, J. and Vahlne, J. (1990), "The Mechanism of Internationalisation", International Marketing Review, Vol. 7 No. 4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02651339010137414

Klapper, L., Laeven, L., & Rajan, R. (2006). Entry regulation as a barrier to entrepreneurship. Journal of Financial Economics, 82(3), 591–629. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2005.09.006

Krueger, N. F., & Brazeal, D. V. (1994). Entrepreneurial Potential and Potential Entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18(3), 91–104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879401800307

Krueger, N. F., & Carsrud, A. L. (1993). Entrepreneurial intentions: Applying the theory of planned behaviour. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 5(4), 315–330. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08985629300000020

Krueger, N. F., Reilly, M. D., & Carsrud, A. L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5–6), 411–432. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(98)00033-0

Kuratko, D. F. (2005). The emergence of entrepreneurship education: Development, trends, and challenges. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 29(5), 577–598. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2005.00099.x

Madden, T. J., Ellen, P. S., & Ajzen, I. (1992). A Comparison of the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Theory of Reasoned Action. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18(1), 3–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167292181001

Melia Astiana, Maya Malinda, Anny Nurbasari, M. M. (2021). European Journal of Educational Research. European Journal of Educational Research, 10(4), 1907–1918.

Nabi, G., Liñán, F., Fayolle, A., Krueger, N., & Walmsley, A. (2017). The impact of entrepreneurship education in higher education: A systematic review and research agenda. Academy of Management Learning and Education, 16(2), 277–299. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2015.0026

Octício, T. (2012). Intenções e Comportamento Empreendedores entre Alunos Universitários. Instituto Superior Técnico. Peterman, N. E., & Kennedy, J. (2003). Enterprise Education: Influencing Students’ Perceptions of Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28(2), 129–144. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1540-6520.2003.00035.x

Piperopoulos, P., & Dimov, D. (2015). Burst Bubbles or Build Steam? Entrepreneurship Education, Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy, and Entrepreneurial Intentions. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(4), 970–985. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12116

Porfírio, J. A., Carrilho, T., Jardim, J., & Wittberg, V. (2022). Fostering Entrepreneurship Intentions: The Role of Entrepreneurship Education. Journal of Small Business Strategy, 32(1), 1–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53703/001c.32489

Schlaegel, C., & Koenig, M. (2014). Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intent: A Meta-Analytic Test and Integration of Competing Models. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 38(2), 291–332. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12087

Shapero, A. (1984). The Entrepreneurial Event. In The environment for entrepreneurship (pp. 21–40). Toronto: Lexington Books.

Shapero, A., & Sokol, L. (1982). Social dimensions of entrepreneurship. In C. Kent, D. Sexton and K. Vesper, eds., The Encyclopedia of EntrepreneurshipThe Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship (pp. 72-90). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Sniehotta, F. F., Presseau, J., & Araújo-Soares, V. (2014). Time to retire the theory of planned behaviour. Health Psychology Review, 8(1), 1–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2013.869710

Thompson, E. R.(2009). Individual entrepreneurial intent: Construct clarification and development of an internationally reliable metric. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 33(3), 669–694. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00321.x

Thompson, J. (2004). The facets of the entrepreneur: Identifying entrepreneurial potential. Management Decision, 42(2), 243–258. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/00251740410515861

Tubbs, M. E., & Ekeberg, S. E. (1991). The Role of Intentions in Work Motivation: Implications for Goal-Setting Theory and Research. The Academy of Management Review, 16(1), 180. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/258611

Wang, C., Mundorf, N., & Salzarulo-McGuigan, A. (2022). Entrepreneurship education enhances entrepreneurial creativity: The mediating role of entrepreneurial inspiration. International Journal of Management Education, 20(2), 100570. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100570

Xie, S., Luo, J., Zheng, Y., & Ma, C. (2022). Entrepreneurship education of college students and entrepreneurial psychology of new entrepreneurs under causal attribution theory. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(November), 1–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.943779

Published
2022-12-22
How to Cite
Mendonça P., Braga V., R. Ferreira M., Braga A., & Carvalho A. (2022). Youth Entrepreneurship Among Higher Education Students – A Qualitative Research of Entrepreneurial Intention and Education. Naše gospodarstvo/Our Economy, 68(4), 43-52. Retrieved from https://journals.um.si/index.php/oe/article/view/2577