Human Rights in International Organ Donation: A Comparative Legal Analysis of Uzbekistan, Lithuania, And Ukraine

Abstract

The study examines approaches to safeguarding human rights in the context of international organ transplantation. A political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal (PESTEL) analysis was conducted to identify external factors influencing organ donation practices. The comparative analysis focuses on three countries – Uzbekistan, Lithuania, and Ukraine – whose legislation was compared in terms of these factors: objects of transplantation, donors and conditions for removal, donor and recipient consent, liability of parties, age restrictions for donors, international cooperation, ethical standards and human rights, donor registries, control and monitoring, and special conditions for vulnerable groups. The analysis identified three key areas for improvement in protecting human rights: the consent system, oversight mechanisms, and international cooperation. The study provides recommendations aimed at strengthening international cooperation in ethical and legal organ donation practices.